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患者女，64岁，双膝关节疼痛、畸形，伸直受限10年，加重3个月。查体：双膝关节呈内翻畸形，双膝关节屈曲90°受限，伸直受限，RF（-）。

该患者进行全膝关节置换术需掌握的手术原则是（）。

A.先行软组织松解以纠正膝关节的对线，同时在伸屈膝关节时保持膝关节软组织的张力平衡，再进行骨组织切除

B.不容许用骨切除的方法纠正关节的畸形

C.尽量少切除骨组织，缺损处可行植骨术

D.保证骨组织切除后伸位或屈位股骨与胫骨之间的空隙宽度相同

E.保证股四头肌伸膝器的对线，使髌骨假体在股骨假体前方髌股关节面上滑动

F.掌握正确的骨水泥固定技术

答案

参考答案：A, C, D, E, F

单项选择题 共用题干题

患者女，64岁。因“痰中带血2个月”就诊。胸部CT提示右中叶近心缘旁占位，直径3cm左右，边界清晰，可见胸膜牵拉征。既往有右侧甲状腺肿大病史20年，左侧卵巢性索-间质肿瘤行手术切除史5年。若患者行外科手术切除病灶，术后病理：（右中叶）肺混合型腺癌，2.0cm×2.0cm×2.5cm，侵及肺膜，未侵及支气管，断端阴性；淋巴结转移：隆突下1/5，R41/2。

以下肺癌的TNM分期，正确的是（）。

A.cT1N2M0 Ⅲa

B.pT1N2M0 Ⅲa

C.cT2N2M0 Ⅲa

D.pT2N2M0 Ⅲa

E.pT2N1M0 Ⅱb
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填空题


In the following passage, there are 25 blanks representing words that are missing from the context. You are to put back in each of the blanks the missing word. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 25 minutes.
Of all the employed workers in the United States, 12.5 million are part of a temporary workforce. The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics counts 9.2 percent of workers as those who have (1) they term "alternative employment arrangements." The government predicts that temporary staffing agencies (2) experience growth of 49 percent by 2010. If numbers increase at the rate (3) , these companies will add 1.9 million new jobs by 2010. That’s more than any (4) industry.
Temporary workers were the first ones to be affected by the recent economic recession, but they are (5) to be the first to regain positions as the economy picks up and companies work to rebuild. Employers use temporary workers as a resource because (6) offer
flexibility and come at a low cost. Many temporaries are categorized as "independent contractors" instead of employees, (7) allows the employer to avoid (8) certain taxes. Because they are not required to offer benefits to temporary workers, companies can save a great deal of money by hiring temps. Usually, temporary workers can qualify (9) benefits if they work for a staffing company for a certain length of time. Most temps, however, do not continue with one company long (10) to qualify for them because they regard the position as a step on the ladder to a (11) position later.
According to Richard Wahlquist, president of the American Staffing Association, 75 (12) of temporary workers hope for transition out of the temporary staffing category (13) a period of time. Wahlquist finds that temporary workers spend about 11 weeks on various assignments before their (14) out of the temporary workforce. Many use temporary positions to gain experience and skills (15) they move on to better jobs. Wahquist says that the temp workforce as a whole turns (16) 400 percent each year.
Tom Dilworth, research director at the Employment Policies Institute, explains (17) some workers like having temporary jobs (18) it affords them a great deal of elasticity with time and everything. Some temps only have a limited (19) of time to work and temp agencies can help coordinate jobs to fit their schedules. Other sometimes-employees use temporary jobs to get an (20) to a company from the inside, to get a foot in the door of a certain business or career. (21) others take temporary positions in hopes their employers will change them over to permanent positions eventually.
Nearly all the industries in the United States use temporary workers. (22) to Tim Costello, coordinator of the North American Alliance for Fair Employment, the growth of temporary labor threatens (23) job security of permanent workers who fear replacement,as well as the temps who are more accustomed to turnover. He predicts that there will continueto (24) a gradual shift from permanent employees to contingent staffing, and that such a (25) in workplace demographics will "lead to lower wages, poorer working conditions, and more instability."

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