问题 完形填空

Louis Braille was born in Coupvray, France. He was a very small child. Unluckily, at the age of four, he became blind by accident. Louis began attending school in his town when he was seven years old.
Three years later, Louis and his father traveled to Paris. There, he went to a school for blind children. One day a French soldier, Charles Barbier, visited the school. Barbier invented a system of night-reading. This system used small dots for the letters. Soldiers used this system in time of war. Barbier thought this system could help the blind to read.
Soon Braille discovered that there were some shortcoming (缺点) in Barbier’s system, but it gave Louis a brilliant idea. He improved Barbier’s system. By the age of fifteen, his new system was completed! Now he wanted blind schools to try his system. Luck went against him again. The school refused to use his system. Louis died in 1852 in Paris at the age of forty-three.
Two years after he died, the blind schools began to use his system. Today we call this system Braille in honour of Louis Braille. His system is used for all languages, and for maths, science, writing, music, and computers for the blind.
Louis Braille
Time
Place
Events
in 小题1:
in Coupvray
was born
at the age of four
/
became 小题2:
at the age of seven
in 小题3:
started school
at the age of小题4:
in Paris
studied in a school for blind children
by the age of 15
/
completed his new system
in 1852
in Paris
小题5:
答案

小题1:1809

小题1:blind

小题1:his town

小题1:ten

小题1:died

问答题

      从20世纪40年代起,人们开始大量生产和使用六六六、DDT等剧毒杀虫剂以提高粮食产量,这些剧毒物质的确在短期内起到了杀虫的效果,粮食产量得到了空前的提高。然而,这些杀虫剂会通过空气、水、土壤等潜入农作物,残留在粮食、蔬菜中,或通过饲料、饮用水进入畜禽体内,继而又通过食物链进入人体。这种有机氯化物在人体中积存,可使神经系统和肝脏功能遭到损害,引起皮肤癌,使胎儿畸形或引起死胎。同时,这些农药的大量使用使许多害虫产生了抵抗力,并由于食物链结构的改变而使一些原本无害的昆虫变为害虫了。人类制造的杀虫剂,无异于为自己种下了一棵毒苗。20世纪60年代,美国生物学家蕾切尔·卡逊经过4年时间,调查了使用化学杀虫剂对环境造成的危害后,于1962年出版了《寂静的春天》(Silent Spring)一书。在这本书中,卡逊阐述了农药对环境的污染,用生态学的原理分析了这些化学杀虫剂对人类赖以生存的生态系统带来的危害,指出人类用自己制造的毒药来提高农业产量,无异于饮鸩止渴,人类应该走“另外的路”。

(1)结合你的所知所学,“另外的路”指的是什么?

(2)《寂静的春天》出版前和出版后都受到了多方面的围攻,请问这些围攻这本书的人可能是些什么人?为什么要围攻它?

(3)《寂静的春天》是一部警示录。由于它的广泛影响,美国政府开始对书中提出的警告做调查,最终改变了对农药政策的取向,并于1970年成立了环境保护局。美国各州也相继通过立法来限制杀虫剂的使用,最终使剧毒杀虫剂停止了生产和使用,其中包括其发明者曾获得诺贝尔奖的DDT等。这对你有怎样的启示?

(4)目前虽然这些剧毒杀虫剂已从生产和使用的名单上被清除,但在有些地方,包括中国某些地区,人们至今仍在非法地生产和使用着被禁止使用的农药。据统计,发展中国家由于农药使用不当而发生的人死亡事故每年都有上万起,不少人发生急性农药中毒。知道剧毒杀虫剂的危害后,为什么还有那么多人仍然使用剧毒杀虫剂呢?

(5)卡逊在身患癌症,遭受众多压力的情况下,仍旧一直坚持自己的观点,大声疾呼人类要爱护自己的生存环境。她的不屈不挠终于得到读者和社会的认同。卡逊对公众和政府呼吁加强对环境的关注和爱护,最终促成美国国家环境保护局以及“世界地球日”的建立。对此你有什么感想?

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