问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的作品,完成下面的题。

沼       泽        地

(日)芥川龙之介

  一个雨天的午后,我在某画展的一个房间里发现了一幅小油画。说“发现”未免有些夸大,然而,惟独这幅画就像被遗忘了似的挂在光线最幽暗的角落里,框子也简陋不堪,所以这么说也未尝不可。记得标题是《沼泽地》,画家不是什么知名的人。画面上也只画着浊水、湿土以及地上丛生的草木。恐怕对一般的参观者来说,是名副其实的不屑一顾吧。

  而且奇怪的是,这位画家尽管画的是郁郁葱葱的草木,却丝毫也没有使用绿色。芦苇、白杨和无花果树,到处涂着混浊的黄色,就像潮湿的墙上一般晦暗的黄色。莫非这位画家真的把草木看成这种颜色吗?也许是出于其他偏好,故意加以夸张吧?——我站在这幅画前面,一边对它玩味,一边不由得心里冒出这样的疑问。

  我越看越感到这幅画里蕴蓄着一股可怕的力量。尤其是前景中的泥土,画得那么精细,甚至使人联想到踏上去时脚底下的感觉。这是一片滑溜溜的淤泥,踩上去噗哧一声,会没脚脖子。我在这幅小油画上找到了试图敏锐地捕捉大自然的那个凄惨的艺术家的形象。正如从所有优秀的艺术品感受到的一样,那片黄色的沼泽地上的草木也使我产生了恍惚的悲壮的激情。说实在的,挂在同一会场上的大大小小、各种风格的绘画当中,没有一幅给人的印象强烈得足以和这幅相抗衡。

  “很欣赏它呢。”有人边说边拍了一下我的肩膀。我觉得恰似心里的什么东西给甩掉了,就猛地回过头来。

  “怎么样,这幅画?”对方一边悠然自得地说着,一边朝着《沼泽地》这幅画努了努他那刚刮过的下巴。他是一家报纸的美术记者,向来以消息灵通人士自居,身材魁梧,穿着时新的淡褐色西装。

  这个记者以前曾经给过我一两次不愉快的 印象,所以我勉强回答 了他一句:“是杰作。”

  “杰作——吗?这可有意思啦。”记者捧腹大笑。

  大概是被他这声音惊动了 吧,左边看画的两三个人不约而同地朝这边望了望。我越发不痛快了。

  “真有意思。这幅画本来不是会员画的。可是因为作者本人曾反复念叨非要拿到这儿来展出不可,经他的遗族央求审查员,好容易才得以挂在这个角落里。”

  “遗族?那末画这幅画的人已经故去了?”

  “死了。其实他生前就等于是死了。”

  不知不觉间,好奇心战胜了我对这个记者的反感。我问道:“为什么呢?”

  “这个画家老早就疯了。”

  “画这幅画的时候也是疯着的吗?”

  “当然喽。要不是疯子,谁会画出这种颜色的画呢?可你还在赞赏,说它是杰作哩。这可太有趣儿啦!”

  记者又得意洋洋地放声大笑起来。他大概料想我会对自己的无知感到羞愧;要不就是更进一步,想使我对他鉴赏上的优越留下印象吧。然而他这两个指望都落空了。因为他的话音未落,一种近乎肃然起敬的感情,像难以描述的波澜震撼了我的整个身心。我十分郑重地重新凝视这幅沼泽地的画。我在这张小小画布上再一次看到了为可怕的焦躁与不安所折磨的艺术家痛苦的形象。

  “不过,听说他好像是因为不能随心所欲地作画才发疯的呢。要说可取嘛,这一点倒是可取的。”

  记者露出爽快的样子,几乎是高兴般地微笑着。这就是无名的艺术家——我们当中的一个人,牺牲了自己的生命 ,从人世间换到的惟一报偿!我浑身奇怪地打着寒战,第三次观察这幅忧郁的画。画面上,在阴沉沉的天与水之间,潮湿的黄土色的芦苇、白杨和无花果树,长得那么生气蓬勃,宛如看到了大自然本身一般……

  “是杰作。”我盯着记者的脸,斩钉截铁地重复了一遍。(摘自《世界文学名著经典文库》)

1.文中说“我越看越感到这幅画里蕴蓄着一股可怕的力量”,其中蕴蓄着的“一股可怕的力量”指的是什么?

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2.“记者”这一人物形象有怎样的特点?在文中起什么作用?

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3.小说以“沼泽地”为题有什么用意?

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4.“我”两次评价《沼泽地》是杰作,两次“是杰作”的含意分别是什么?结合小说内容,谈谈你认为能称得上“杰作”的艺术作品应具备怎样的特点。

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答案

1.(1)画中的泥土精细而逼真,使人联想(2)草木郁郁葱葱,着色奇异,使人产生悲壮激情(3)作品给人强烈的印象。

2.身材魁梧,追求时尚,缺乏艺术鉴赏力,世俗、浮浅而又直爽。借记者的口吻来介绍画家,推进情节的发展;记者对画作的评价,反衬出画家的艺术追求,有利于深化主题。

3.答案:小说的主要情节围绕一幅题为“沼泽地”的油画展开的,提示故事内容;象征画家进行艺术创作的险恶环境,更好地表现画家执着的艺术追求;表达艺术家在严酷的现实中要保持独特个性的艺术观和人生观,深化作品主题。

4.第一次含意是:油画内容本身具有极强的表现力和艺术感染力。

第二次含意是:在艰难的处境中有着独特的艺术个性和人生追求的作品更是杰作。(意对即可)

多项选择题
单项选择题

Electronic mail has become an extremely important and popular means of communication.
The convenience and efficiency of electronic mail are threatened by the extremely rapid growth in the volume of unsolicited commercial electronic mail. Unsolicited commercial electronic mail is currently estimated to account for over half of all electronic mail traffic, up from an estimated 7 percent in 2001, and the volume continues to rise. Most of these messages are fraudulent or deceptive in one or more respects.
The receipt of unsolicited commercial electronic mail may result in costs to recipients who cannot refuse to accept such mail and who incur costs for the storage of such mail, or for the time spent accessing, reviewing, and discarding such mail, or for both. The receipt of a large number of unwanted messages also decreases the convenience of electronic mail and creates a risk that wanted electronic mail messages, both commercial and noncommercial, will be lost, overlooked, or discarded amidst the larger volume of unwanted messages, thus reducing the reliability and usefulness of electronic mail to the recipient. Some commercial electronic mail contains material that many recipients may consider vulgar or pornographic in nature.
The growth in unsolicited commercial electronic mail imposes significant monetary costs on providers of Internet access services, businesses, and educational and nonprofit institutions that carry and receive such mail, as there is a finite volume of mail that such providers, businesses, and institutions can handle without further investment in infrastructure. Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mail purposefully disguise the source of such mail.
Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mail purposefully include misleading information in the messages’ subject lines in order to induce the recipients to view the messages. While some senders of commercial electronic mail messages provide simple and reliable ways for recipients to reject (or "opt-out" of) receipt of commercial electronic mail from such senders in the future, other senders provide no such "opt-out" mechanism, or refuse to honor the requests of recipients not to receive electronic mail from such senders in the future, or both.
Many senders of bulk unsolicited commercial electronic mail use computer programs to gather large numbers of electronic mail addresses on an automated basis from Internet websites or online services where users must post their addresses in order to make full use of the website or service.
The problems associated with the rapid growth and abuse of unsolicited commercial electronic mail cannot be solved by the government alone. The development and adoption of technological approaches and the pursuit of cooperative efforts with other countries will be necessary as well.

"Pornographic" in Paragraph 3 probably means ______.

A.decent

B.instructional

C.sexual

D.commercial