问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,回答下面的题。

笑说蟹文之灾

流沙河

  老夫银行排队,恭缴电、气、话之三费。站立久了心烦,不免游目四顾,用以杀死时间(Kill-time就是汉语说的“消遣”)。忽睹一妇,夏衫华丽,背绣英文曰Special lady,即特殊太太,不禁莞尔,心情为之一振。乃自思忖:“既然特殊,又何必来排队?”

  一自国门乍开,英语涌入,其势滔滔,不可逆挡。要现代化,要和先进文化接轨,就得容之纳之。道理大家明白,何须我来饶舌。但窃以为被动容纳同时,也该主动疏之导之,莫让蟹行文字泛滥成灾才好。所谓泛滥成灾,别以为指的是“特殊太太”之类。笑话罢了,那不算啥。我指的是考试。学生要考英语,考吧。读硕士读博士而研究古汉语者,或中国古史者,或中共党史者,也非考英语不可吗?争取当公务员之非涉外事者,也要考英语吗?各行各界评专业职称,也要考英语吗?是不是太看重英文了?

  英文应该学,但不能都去学waiter英语,一辈子做低级舌人,侍候商董,至多爬上洋买办的阶梯。试看今日外文系的,几人能译学术著作。听他口语多么地道,不过高等waiter罢了。《颜氏家训·教子篇》云:“齐朝一士大夫,尝谓吾曰:‘我有一儿,年已十七,颇晓书疏,教其鲜卑语及弹琵琶,稍欲通解,以此伏事公卿,无不宠爱,亦要事也。’吾时俯而不答。异哉,此人之教子也。”观今鉴古,人情不二。我心窃忧之,有不忍言者。

  更值得忧心的是汉语。早在英语高烧之前,译体文风已经常见报刊文字。今则变本加厉,坏我汉语生态,竟造出这样笨拙的译体病句来。胪列如下,请共赏之。

  这本书已被我读过了。(这本书我读过了)

  当我早晨起床的时候。(早晨我起床时)

  作为政协委员的我。(我当政协委员) 

  浙江女子似乎就像花朵般的娇艳。(越女如花) 

  我出门去的同时,看见他正在哭着。(我出门,见他在哭)

  必须加以严厉的惩办。(必须严办)

  你有吃过午饭了吗?(你吃午饭了吗)

  对我说来,她是我的妻子。(她是我妻)

  译体恶风劲吹,从大作家到小学生,同受其愚弄而懵然不觉。更可怕的是报刊上一窝蜂去学样,还觉得有趣,真要教前辈大师们,鲁胡老梁沈赵,地下同声一哭。写到这里,猛想起余光中。他是外文系老教授,一辈子弄外文。看看他笔下吧,食洋而化为中华的灵与肉,那文字多纯粹,多典雅,多准确,多活泼。

  蟹文透过译体病句侵入报刊,我们拿啥武器去抵抗呢?我答:拿文言文。这武器能逢长化短,逢繁化简,逢深化浅,逢晦化显。笔下仍写现代汉语,但应掌握传统文言,择其铦利者而用之。必如此,方不至于被蟹文的语法攻占了我们的头脑笔下,杂交出怪胎来。不是教人排外,是用自家之本,赚取他家之长。若相反,便是自家无主,尽拾别人的敝屣了。

  各种洋文不滥用,择地而用之,那是必要的。见洋文而反感,义和团心态,贻祸邦国,愚昧可笑。但是,当今街市上好多店招,货物上好多标识,都来英汉对照,有这个必要吗?余非新左人士,不会上纲批判所谓文化帝国主义,只是觉得市井流风趋新可笑而已。还有更可笑的,语文教师引导学生沿街检举店招上的繁体汉字,必铲之而后快,却放过那些毫无必要的洋文招牌字,真有点“相煎何太急”的意味,不免一叹。(选自《含笑录》,有删改)

1.从全文看,“蟹文之灾”的主要表现有哪些?

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2.第三段中“舌人”指什么人?该段引用《颜氏家训》的用意是什么?

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3.请简要概括本文的论述思路。

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答案

1.各种英语考试泛滥,英语学习功利化倾向严重,译体文风破坏汉语生态,店招货标无意义英汉对照。(答出任三点即可)

2.翻译者。借古讽今,讥讽今日学英语和当时齐人教子学鲜卑语,都抱着短浅势利的实用目的。

3.先从生活现象引出话题,接着列举蟹文之灾的表现并分析危害,然后提出解决办法,最后回到现实,讽刺作结。(言之有理即可)

阅读理解

阅读理解。

                                                 

     Do you know Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng? Fei Junlong was born in 1965. He is a Chinese astronaut

selected (选拔) as a member of the Shenzhou program. He was born in Jiangsu and joined the People's

Liberation Army Air Force (中国人民解放军空军) in 1982 at the age of 17. And since then he has only

returned home six times. As a fighter pilot (战机飞行员), he was selected to an astronaut in 1998.

      He married Wang Jie in 1991 and has one son. Nie Haisheng was born in September 1964. He is also

a Chinese astronaut selected for the Shenzhou program. He is from Hubei. After graduating from high school

he joined the People's Liberation Army Air Force, and became a fighter pilot. In 1998 he was selected for the

astronaut program.

     He was one of the three astronauts who were in the final group to train for the Shenzhou 5 fight. Yang

Liwei was also picked out for the flight, with Zhai Ahigang.

     On September 23, 2005 it was reported that Zhai and Nie would be one of the three pairs of astronauts

who would be in the final training for Shenzhou 6. But in the end, Fei and Nie were chosen, and Zhai missed

his chance to space again.

     Nie Haisheng got married to Nie Jielin and has an 11-year-old daughter.

1. When did Nie join the army?

A. In 1982.

B. In 1998.

C. In 1991.

D. After his graduation from high school.

2. Who among the astronauts in this passage hasn't been to saace?

A. Zhai Zhigang.

B. Nie Haisheng.

C. Yang Liwei.

D. Fei Junlong.

3. How many times has Fei Junlong returned home since he left at the age of 17?

A. Three times.

B. Four times.

C. Six times.

D. Eight times.

4. How many people did the writer mention in this passage?

A. 5.

B. 6.

C. 7.

D. 8.

5. Which of the following is TRUE according to this passage?

A. Yang Liwei was born in Jiangsu.

B. Nie Haisheng has an elever-year-old daughter.

C. Fei Junlong is one year older than Nie Haisheng.

D. Zhai Zhigang got married to Nie Jielin and has a son.

选择题