问题 选择题

下列各句中加粗的词语,使用不恰当的一项是[ ]

A.小说通过典型的语言描写,把这几个有着不同性格的妇女形象惟妙惟肖地展现在读者面前。  

B.我们的周德鸿老师不仅精通数学,还是个计算机专家,我们这些初学计算机的学生要虚心向他求教,不耻下问。  

C.以栾恩杰为代表的航天科技人员,为我国成功实施首次月球探测做出了突出贡献,他们的先进事迹可圈可点,值得大书特书。  

D.往年山村里的餐饮铺总是惨淡经营、无人问津。今年,油菜花开了,游客上门了,农家菜馆也兴旺起来了。

答案

答案:B

单项选择题

Social control refers to social processes, planned or unplanned, by which people are taught, persuaded, or forced to conform to norms. In every society, some punishments or negative sanctions are established for deviant behavior. Without deviant behavior there would not be need for social control and without social control there would not be a way of recognizing the boundary between the acceptable and the unacceptable.

Social control may be either formal or informal. Informal mechanisms include expressions of disapproval by significant others and withholding of positive rewards for disapproved behavior. Most people internalize norms in the course of socialization. This is any group’s most powerful protection against deviance, in that the individual’s own conscience operates as an agent of social control. When informal sanctions fail, formal agents of social control may be called upon. In contemporary society, such formal agents and agencies include psychiatry and other mental health professions; mental hospitals; police and courts of law; prisons; and social welfare agencies. All these formal agents function to limit, correct, and control violation of norms. Conflict theorists would also point out that social control agents and systems tend, in any society, to serve the interests of powerful groups and to enforce the norms most beneficial to those who make the rules and who, therefore, define unacceptable behavior.

Social control, whether formal or informal, has a dual function. First, it punishes the wrongdoer and reaff’irms the boundaries of acceptable behavior. Second, and less recognized, it regulates the manner in which deviants are treated.

The most powerful protection against deviance is ().

A. negative sanctions

B. severe punishments

C. the individual’s conscience

D. unrestrained suppression

名词解释