问题 解答题

(12分).在甲、乙两个盒子中分别装有标号为1、2、3、4的四个球,现从甲、乙两个盒子中各取出1个球,每个球被取出的可能性相等.

(1)求取出的两个球上标号为相同数字的概率;

(2)求取出的两个球上标号之积能被3整除的概率.

答案

设从甲、乙两个盒子中各取1个球,其数字分别为x,y,

用(x,y)表示抽取结果,则所有可能的结果有16种,即

(1,1),(1,2),(1,3),(1,4),(2,1),(2,2),(2,3),(2,4),

(3,1),(3,2),(3,3),(3,4),(4,1),(4,2),(4,3),(4,4).

(1)设“取出的两个球上的标号相同”为事件A,

则A={(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,4)}.

事件A由4个基本事件组成,故所求概率P(A)=

答:取出的两个球上的标号为相同数字的概率为

(2)设“取出的两个球上标号的数字之积能被3整除”为事件B,

则B={(1,3),(3,1),(2,3),(3,2),(3,3),(3,4),(4,3)}

事件B由7个基本事件组成,故所求概率P(B)=

答:取出的两个球上标号之积能被3整除的概率为

选择题
单项选择题

Personality is to a large extent inherent. A-type parents usually (1) A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect (2) if competition is important to the parents, it is (3) to become a major factor in the lives of their children.

One place where children (4) A characteristics is school, which is, (5) its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools (6) the "win at all costs" moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current (7) for making children compete against their classmates or against the (8) produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B type fellows. Being too (9) to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, (10) dead seconds after saying. "Rejoice, we conquer!"

(11) the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. There is, for example, a (12) school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The (13) of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain (14) of failure is positively harmful.

(15) , it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B’s. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to (16) a child’s personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.

If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was (17) , more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection (18) the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such (19) as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A type stock. B’s are important and should be (20) .

13()

A.merits

B.drawbacks

C.defects

D.faults