问题 选择题

读图7完成下题。(tan35°≈0.7,tan45°=1,tan60°≈1.732)

小题1:房地产开发商在某城市(30°N)建造了两栋商品住宅楼,某户居民买到了北楼一层的一套房子,于春节前住进后发现正午太阳光线被南楼挡住。请问该房子一年中正午太阳光线被南楼挡住的时间大约是

A.1个月

B.3个月

C.6个月

D.9个月小题2:为避免这种纠纷,房地产开发商在建楼时,应该使此楼所有朝南的房屋在正午时终年都能被太阳照射。那么在两楼间距不变的情况下,南楼的高度最高约为

A.20米

B.30米

C.40米

D.50米

答案

小题1:C

小题2:B

小题1:本题考查正午太阳高度的影响。根据正午太阳高度计算南楼的影长。春秋分日,太阳直射赤道,该地正午太阳高度为60°。南楼的影长=69÷1.732≈40米,说明前楼的影子刚好遮挡北楼,当太阳直射南半球,正午太阳高度更小,影子更长。所以南楼影子遮挡北楼的日期为从9月23日到次年的3月21日,大约6个月时间。所以本题选择C选项。

小题2:冬至日该地正午太阳高度为36.5°,根据tan35°≈0.7,南楼的高度=40×0.7=28米。所以本题选择B选项。

单项选择题

Industrial pollution is not only a problem for the countries of Europe and North America but also an extremely serious problem in some developing countries. For these countries, economic growth is a very important aim. They want to introduce industries, and so they put few controls on the industries which cause pollution.
Cubatao, an industrial town of 85 000 people in Brazil, is an example of the connection between industrial development and pollution. In 1954, Cubatao had no industry. Today it has more than twenty large factories, which produce many pollutants. The people of the town are suffering from the poisonous matter in their environment and the bad effects can be clearly seen. Birth shortcomings are extremely common. Among children and adults, lung problems are sometimes twelve times more common in Cubatao than in other places.
It is true that Brazil, like many other countries, has laws against pollution, but these laws are not enforced strictly enough. It is cheaper for companies to take no notice of the laws and pay the fines than to buy the expensive equipment that will reduce the pollution. It is clear, therefore, that economic growth is more important to the government than to the health of the workers. However, the responsibility does not completely lie with the Brazilian government. The example of Cubatao shows that international companies are not acting in a responsible way either. A number of the factories in the town are owned by large companies from France, Italy, and the US. They are doing things in Brazil that they would not be able to do at home. If they caused the same amount of pollution at home, they would be severely punished or even put out of business.

What is the author’s purpose in taking Cubatao as an example

A. To show that industry can develop very fast in developing countries.
B. To show that the pollution problem in Brazil is extremely serious.
C. To show that industrial growth can cause pollution problems for developing countries.
D. To show that pollution is killing many people and destroying the whole economy of Brazil.

填空题