问题 问答题

简述急性糜烂性胃炎的常见病因。

答案

参考答案:①药物:常见的有非舀体抗炎药如阿司匹林、吲哚美辛等,某些抗肿瘤药、口服氯化钾或铁剂等。这些药物直接损伤胃黏膜上皮层。其中,NSAID还通过抑制环氧合酶的作用而抑制胃黏膜生理性前列腺素的产生,削弱胃黏膜的屏障功能。某些抗肿瘤药如氟尿嘧啶对快速分裂的细胞如胃肠道黏膜细胞产生明显的细胞毒作用。②应激:严重创伤、大手术、大面积烧伤、颅内病变、败血症及其他严重脏器病变或多器官功能衰竭等均可引起胃黏膜糜烂、出血,严重者发生急性溃疡形成并大量出血,如烧伤所致者称Curling溃疡、中枢神经系统病变所致者称Cushing溃疡。一般认为应激状态下胃黏膜微循环不能正常运行而造成黏膜缺血、缺氧是发病的重要环节,由此可导致胃黏膜教液和碳酸氢盐分泌不足、局部前列腺素合成不足、上皮再生能力减弱等改变,胃动膜屏障因而受损。③乙醇:乙醇具亲酣性和溶脂能力,高浓度乙醇因而可直接破坏胃黏膜屏障。黏膜屏障的正常保护功能是维持胃腔与胃黏膜内氢离子高梯度状态的重要保证,当上述因素导致胃黏膜屏障破坏,则胃腔内的氢离子便会反弥散进入胃黏膜内,从而进一步加重胃黏膜的损害,最终导致胃黏膜糜烂和出血。上述各种因素亦可能导致十二指肠液反流入胃腔增加,其中的胆汁和各种胰酶,参与了胃黏膜屏障的破坏。

多项选择题
完形填空

Are dreams of any use to the dreamer or to anybody else?  We  may  remember the traveler who __36__ the ship Waratah at Durban  because of his terrible _37__. The Waratah later disappeared entirely, with everyone on _38_. The traveler’s dreams  helped him  and  saved  him  from  39_, but they didn’t help the other people. Why was this man treated _40__ from everyone  else? Another man _41__ had a dream about the Black Forest in Germany.     In his dream  he  was  walking  in the  forest _42__ two men ran out  and  tried to  throw him to the _43___. He ran off as fast as he could, but they followed.  He reached a  place _44__he saw two _45__ roads in front of him,  one to the  right  and  the other to the left. Which road ought he to _46__ ? He heard the two men _47____ him, getting nearer and  at  the  same time  he  heard a voice in his ear.  It told him to go to the _48__ , and he did so.   He  ran on  and soon came to  a small hotel.   He was _49___ here   kindly  and  given  a  room, and so he was _50__ from the  two men.   

That was the dream. Twenty years later he was _51___  in the Black Forest and  as  it  _52___  in  the dream long before,  two men ran out and tried to throw him down. He ran off, and came to a  place  with two roads as in  the dream.He_53___ the dream  and  took  the  road to  the right. He soon _54___a small hotel, was taken in, and so  was  safe.   His  dream  of twenty years _55__ had  Saved his life.

小题1:.  

A.left

B.got

C.drove

D.enter小题2:.  

A.ideas

B.suggestions

C.dreams

D.words小题3:.  

A.board

B.ship

C.sea

D.deck小题4:.  

A.life

B.death

C.illness

D.disease小题5:.  

A.similarly

B.differently

C.strangely

D.unfortunately小题6:.  

A.alone

B.once

C.still

D.even小题7:.  

A.while

B.as

C.before

D.when小题8:.  

A.floor

B.earth

C.soil

D.ground小题9:.  

A.which

B.that

C.where

D.who小题10: 

A.same

B.separate

C.divided

D.crossed小题11:.  

A.take

B.bring

C.carry

D.go小题12:.  

A.next to

B.in front of

C.beside

D.behind小题13:.  

A.house

B.hotel

C.left

D.right小题14:.  

A.accepted

B.received

C.refused

D.closed小题15:.  

A.killed

B.murdered

C.saved

D.robbed小题16:.  

A.exactly

B.really

C.sincerely

D.actually小题17:.  

A.happened

B.performed

C.acted

D.chose小题18:.  

A. forgot

B.remembered

C.missed

D.noticed小题19:.  

A.arrived

B.left

C.reached

D.got小题20:.  

A.front

B.before

C.later

D.after