问题 问答题

如图,在同一水平高度上有A、B两物体,质量分别为m、M.A从图示位置开始以角速度ω绕O点在竖直平面内沿顺时针方向作匀速圆周运动,轨道半径为R.同时B物体在恒力F作用下,由静止开始在光滑水平面上沿x轴正方向做直线运动,求:

(1)A物体运动到什么位置时,它的速度方向可能与B物体相同?

(2)要使两物体的速度相同,作用在B物体上的力F应多大?

(3)当两物体速度相同时,B物体的最小位移为多少?

答案

(1)因为B物体在水平方向上做匀加速直线运动,所以B的速度方向一直沿X轴正方向,故只有当A物体运动到圆心O的正上方时,即最高点时,速度可能与B物体相同.

    (2)要使A、B速度相同,A必需在圆心O的正上方,但圆周运动具有周期性,所以

         A物体运动到圆心正上方时的时间为:

        t=nT+

T
4
(n=0,1,2,3…表示小球运动圈数),T=
ω
     

        A的速度为va=ωR

        B运动的时间与A的时间相同,则tb=

(4n+1)π
  (n=0,1,2,3…) ①

                          

                                vb=va=ωR                               ②

       B做初速度为零的匀加速直线运动,则    vb=atb                   ③

       根据牛顿第二定律可知:

                                 a =

F
M
                                ④

        联立①②③④解得:

                        F=

2Mω2R
4nπ+π
         (n=0,1,2,3…) 

       (3)当时间最短即n=0时,B物体有最小位移

                   xmin=

1
2
abtb2=
1
2
×
2Mω2R
πM
(
π
)
2
=
πR
4

答:(1)在圆心O的正上方时,即最高点时,速度可能与B物体相同;

    (2)要使两物体的速度相同,作用在B物体上的力F=

2mω2R
4nπ+π
( n=0 1 2 3);

    (3)最小位移为

πR
4

完形填空

回答问题(共3小题;每小题2分,满分6分)

阅读下面短文,根据第58至第60小题的具体要求,尽可能简要回答问题,并将答案转写到答题卡上。

In China, more and more middle school students are getting shorter sleeping time than before. More students sleep less than nine hours every night, because they have much homework to do. Some homework is given by their teachers, and some by their parents. Also, some students don’t know how to save time. They are not careful enough while they do their homework, so it takes them a lot of time. Some students spend too much time watching TV or playing computer games. They stay up very late. Some students have to get up early every morning on weekdays to get to school on time by bus of by bike . It can be a long way from home to school. It will probably make them sleepy during school hours.

Schools and parents should cut down some of the homework so that our children can enjoy more than nine hours of sleep every night for their health. For children, they should make the most (best use) of their time. When they have enough time for sleeping they will find it much better for both their study and health.

58. What make most students sleep less than nine hours every night? (回答词数不超过5个)

________________________________________________________________________

59. According to the article, who else gives children some homework to do except their teachers?

(回答词数不超过5个)

________________________________________________________________________

60. What is the possible result if the students have enough time for sleeping? (回答词数不超过14个)

_______________________________________________________________________

单项选择题