问题 填空题

如图为细菌的结构示意图,据图回答下列问题:

(1)写出细菌细胞以下各部分的名称:①______,③______.

(2)细菌结构中,①的作用是______、③的作用是______.

(3)与植物细胞相比,大多数的细菌不含叶绿体,所以不能自己制造______.

(4)与甲型H1N1流感病毒相比,细菌具有______结构;与青霉素相比,细菌的细胞中没有______结构.

(5)细菌的生殖方式是______生殖,当〔②〕______增厚时,细菌能够形成休眠体______,以抵抗不良环境.

(6)大多数细菌对人类是有益的,例如利用______制作酸奶、泡菜.

答案

(1)①荚膜,对细菌主要起保护作用;③DNA集中的区域,但没有成形的细胞核,作用是储存遗传信息.

(2)细菌与植物细胞相比没有叶绿体,故不能进行光合作用,不能自己利用无机物制造有机物,只能依靠现成的有机物生活,它的营养方式是异养.细菌能够分解动植物尸体、粪便、枯枝落叶等参与物质循环,因此是生态系统中的分解者.

(3)甲型H1N1流感病毒属于病毒,没有细胞结构,只有蛋白质外壳和内部的遗传物质构成,因此与甲型H1N1流感病毒相比,细菌具有细胞结构;细菌和真菌的主要区别是,细菌细胞没有成形的细胞核,只有DNA集中的区域.都有细胞壁、细胞膜、细胞质,因此与青霉素相比,细菌的细胞中没有成形的细胞核.

(4)细菌是靠分裂进行生殖的,也就是一个细菌分裂成两个细菌.长大以后又能进行分裂.在环境适宜的时候,不到半小时,细菌就能分裂一次.有些细菌(多为杆菌)在一定条件下,细胞壁加厚,细胞质高度浓缩脱水所形成的一种抗逆性很强的球形或椭圆形的休眠体.芽孢最主要的特点就是抗性强,对高温、低温、紫外线、干燥、电离辐射和很多有毒的化学物质等都有很强的抵抗性.芽孢又轻又小,可以随风飘散.当环境适宜的时候,芽孢又可以萌发,形成一个新细菌.细菌是靠分裂进行生殖的.因此芽孢不是细菌用来生殖的结构而是一个休眠体.

故答案为:

单项选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解

     Instead of just spending time on entertainment,why not sign up for a life-changing gap?

     Football Coaching,Ghana

     Gap Sports has a wide programme of coaching place-ments,but one of its best is in Accra,where

volunteers work in schools and youth clubs coaching under 12s,with the choice of also helping out in

hospitals,orphanages,schools and care homes.No coaching experience required-enthusiasm is everything.

Details:?995 for four weeks(minimum), ?1,895 for three months, ?100 per week thereafter,departing on

July 14,September 1 or October 13.Flights not included.

     Teaching,Tanzania

     Primary-school teaching is a tiring,testing,absolutely redeeming(补偿的) crash course(速成班) in

local culture,and this really is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity.Based in the village of Mshiri in northern

Tanzania,you will be staying in a house with two other volunteers but teaching alone in village schools.This

eight-month placement was set up by Katy Allen,who taught here in the early 1990s.School outings to the coast and to national parks are part of the placement.

     Details: ?2,750 for eight months,excluding food,departing in January 2008,including 12-month,flexible

scheduled air tickets and two weeks' language/ teacher training in Kent in November.

     Marine Conservation,Thailand

     Here's a bite-size adventure to fit between Thai temples and Brazilian beaches:a 10-day project in

southern Thailand,surveying fish numbers and coral cover on reefs in the Gulf of Thailand of the Andaman

Sea,bumping into whale sharks and turtles on your daily dives.

     Details:?1,495 for 10 days,excluding flights,from November to June; some departures require an

open-water diving certificate.

     Journalism,Honduras

     Based with a local family in the capital,Tegucigalpa,you'll be working on an English

     -language newspaper,reporting on politics,sport and current affairs.Basic Spanish is a must,while

school-newspaper experience,though not essential,will help your application.

     Details:?1,195 for six weeks(minimum),?130 per week thereafter,excluding flights.

1.To be a football coach in Ghana,you should        .

A.have a strong desire to become involved in it

B.volunteer to work for care homes

C.have a choice to look after the orphans

D.have an experience of helping out in hospitals

2.What do we learn about"Teaching,Tanzania"?

A.You will be tested for the primary school teaching.

B.The good thing about it is to learn local culture in a short time.

C.Three volunteers will be responsible for teaching in village schools.

D.Katy Allen taught here for eight months in the early 1990s.

3.To work in Honduras,you        .

A.have to be skilled in Spanish

B.must have working experience for a school newspaper

C.have to report on finance and education

D.work in a local family in the capital of Honduras

4.Who are the ads mainly intended for?

A.Students who have just left school,looking for a job.

B.Travelers who want to enjoy the sight all over the world.

C.Athletes who are fond of adventure.

D.Teachers who want to spend their holidays differently.