问题 论述题

(28分)内蒙古是我国土豆主产区之一,土豆也是当地农民最主要的收入来源,2011年内蒙古土豆大丰收,但是进入销售季以来,当地的土豆却遭遇滞销,价格偏低。一般的土豆在2010年卖0.6元一斤,2011年只能卖到0.3元左右,精品土豆2010年卖1.2元一斤,2011年只能卖到0.46元一斤,而2011年种植土豆的成本也得每斤0.4元左右,种植户们叫苦不迭,有些种植户为了减少损失,将土豆存起来想先看看行情再说,而全国各地也在想方设法帮助他们卖土豆。

阅读上述材料,回答问题:

(1)材料告诉我们价值规律的表现形式是什么?(4分)

(2)土豆价格的变化和种植户的反应告诉我们影响价格的因素有哪些?(12分)

(3)根据材料,说明土豆价格的变化对生产经营者的影响。(12分)

答案

(1)商品价格受供求关系的影响,围绕价值上下波动,是价值规律的表现形式。(4分)

(2)①供求影响价格,由于土豆大丰收,供应量增加,价格下跌(6分)②价值决定价格,土豆价格低于成本,生产者亏本,所以种植户将土豆存起来看行情。(6分)

(3)①及时调整生产规模,土豆种植户不能因为上年土豆价格高,就盲目扩大生产。(4分)②提高劳动生产率,加强管理,应用先进技术,提高土豆的生产率,降低成本。(4分)③生产适销对路的高质量产品。当地农民可以找准市场需求,生产市场需求好的农产品。(4分)

题目分析:(1)价值规律的表现形式,属于课本基础知识的记忆考核,学生只需按照课本内容准确回答即可。注意和价值规律的基本内容区分。(2)该题考查“影响价格的因素”,学生需要准确回答原理,再结合材料中土豆价格的变化和种植户的反映具体分析每一个要点。从价值决定价格和供求影响价格两个角度具体回答。(3)该题考查“价格变动对生产经营的影响”,从三个要点具体回答,包括:调节生产规模、提高劳动生产率、生产适销对路的高质量产品。每一个要点要结合土地价格变动对其影响具体分析。

单项选择题
阅读理解

It was the summer of 1965. DeLuca, then 17, visited Peter Buck, a family friend. Buck asked DeLuca about his plans for the future. “I’m going to college, but I need a way to pay for it,” DeLuca recalls saying. “Buck said, ‘You should open a sandwich shop.’”

That afternoon, they agreed to be partners. And they set a goal: to open 32 stores in ten years. After doing some research, buck wrote a check for $1000. DeLuca rented a storefront (店面) in Connecticut, and when they couldn’t cover their start-up costs, Buck kicked in another $1000.

But business didn’t go smoothly as they expected. DeLuca says, “After six months, we were doing poorly, but we didn’t know how badly, because we didn’t have any financial controls.” All he and Buck knew was that their sales were lower than their costs.

DeLuca was managing the store and going to the University of Bridgeport at the same time. Buck was working at his day job as a nuclear physicist in New York. They’d meet Monday evenings and brainstorm ideas for keeping the business running. “We convinced ourselves to open a second store. We figured we could tell the public, ‘We are so successful, we are opening a second store.’” And they did—in the spring of 1966. Still, it was a lot of learning by trial and error.

But the partners’ learn-as-you-go approach turned out to be their greatest strength. Every Friday, DeLuca would drive around and hand-deliver the checks to pay their suppliers. “It probably took me two and a half hours and it wasn’t necessary, but as a result, the suppliers got to know me very well, and the personal relationships established really helped out,” DeLuca says.

And having a goal was also important. “There are so many problems that can get you down. You just have to keep working toward your goal,” DeLuca adds.

DeLuca ended up founding Subway Sandwich, the multimillion-dollar restaurant chain.

小题1:DeLuca opened the first sandwich shop in order to ____.

A.support his family

B.pay for his college education

C.help his partner expand business

D.do some research小题2:Which of the following is true of Buck?

A.He put money into the sandwich business.

B.He was a professor of business administration.

C.He was studying at the University of Bridgeport.

D.He rented a storefront for DeLuca.小题3:What can we learn about their first shop?

A.It stood at an unfavorable place.

B.It lowered the prices to promote sales.

C.It made no profits due to poor management

D.It lacked control over the quality of sandwiches小题4:They decided to open a second store because they ___.

A.had enough money to do it.

B.had succeeded in their business

C.wished to meet the increasing demand of customers

D.wanted to make believe that they were successful小题5:What contribute most to their success according to the author?

A.Learning by trial and error.

B.Making friends with suppliers.

C.Finding a good partner.

D.Opening chain stores.