问题 多项选择题

下列关于内部化理论的说法中,正确的有()

A、内部化理论是从市场不完全与垄断优势理论发展起来的

B、市场不完全是指规模经济、寡头垄断或关税壁垒等

C、内部化越过国际时就会生产国际经营,这是内部化理论的基本假设之一

D、内部化理论与垄断优势理论的区别在于,内部化并不是给予企业特殊优势的这种财产本身,而是指这种财产的内部化过程给了跨国企业以特有的优势

答案

参考答案:A, C, D

解析:本题考核内部化理论。在巴克利等新创的内部化理论中,市场不完全并非是指规模经济、寡头垄断或关税壁垒等,而是指由于某些市场失效,以及由于某些产品的特殊性质或垄断势力的存在,导致企业市场交易成本增加。所以,选项B的说法不正确。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Now which are the animals really to be pitied in captivity First, those clever beings whose lively urge for activity can find no outlet behind the bars of the cage. This is most conspicuous, even for the uninitiated, in the case of animals which, when living in a free state, are accustomed to roaming about widely. Owing to this frustrated desire, foxes and wolves housed, in many old-fashioned zoos, in cages which are far too small, are among the most pitiable of all caged animals.
Though pinioned swans generally seem happy, under proper care, by hatching and rearing their young without any trouble, at migration time things become different: they repeatedly swim to the lee side of the pond, in order to have the whole extent of its surface at their disposal, trying to take off. Again and again the grand preparations end in a pathetic flutter of their half wings ; a truly sorry picture !
This, however, rarely awakens the pity of the zoo visitor, least of all when such an originally highly intelligent and mentally alert animal has deteriorated, in confinement, into a crazy idiot, a very caricature of its former self. Sentimental old ladies, the fanatical sponsors of the societies for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, have no compunction in keeping a grey parrot in a relatively small cage or even chained to a perch. Together with the large corvines, the parrots are probably the only birds which suffer from that state of mind, common to prisoners, namely, boredom.

According to the author in Paragraph 1, what animals suffer most in captivity

A.Climbing animals.

B.Hunting animals.

C.Parroting animals.

D.Singing animals.