问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成1-3题。

  20世纪中叶,由于环境问题的产生和日益严重,西方有识之士开始从道德的角度关注生态环境现象,提出生态伦理观念,并积极倡导和开展环境教育与生态道德教育。我国的环境教育起步于20世纪70年代初,而在此基础上进一步提出生态道德教育,则是近十年来的事,作为教育领域的一门新兴学科,生态道德教育还处于摸索阶段。

  生态理论以珍爱、尊重和保护生态环境为核心,以可持续发展为落脚点,以促进人与自然协同进化为评价标准。生态道德是指将生态伦理思想付诸实践的主体思想素质和精神评价机制。生态环境伦理道德的提出与构建人类道德文明进步与完善的标志,是新时期人类处理环境和生态问题的新视角、新思想,是人类道德的新境界。所谓“生态道德教育”,就是将生态伦理学的思想观念变成人们的自觉行为选择,是人类特有的道德自觉精神协调人与自然关系和人与自然关系背后的人与人之间的利益关系,保护自然环境,维护生态环境的动态平衡,促进人、社会、环境的协调与可持续发展。生态道德教育作为一种新型的道德教育活动,其实质就是要求广大受教育者以伦理道德理念去自觉保护环境,维持生态平衡和不再生资源的可持续利用。

  生态教育是一种新的德育观,是继承、发展和超越传统道德教育之后的崭新教育范式。传统德育是一种以“知识性”为主导理念的模式,这种“知性论”德育的哲学取向是主客体二元分立的人际观、自然观与心灵观,其关注点重在师生之间的理论知识型纽带关系,忽略了生与生之间,师与生之间的道德体验关系,其德育过程中的操作流程是信奉外部道法规范知识传输的实践样态,而生态德育从生态意识、生态智慧和生态德行这三重生态的视界重新定位道德教育过程中的关系,强调道德教育回归生活实际,在生态体验视界中深度领悟生存实践的关系。它试图把长久以来无法解释和无法确认的人类自身、人类与自然之间的行为中的一系列棘手问题的认识与处理,纳入德育视野,以一个崭新的思路去培养一种具有更高人类品性的新人。

1.下列对“生态道德教育”的理解,不正确的一项是 ( )

A.生态道德教育要求人类以一种新视角处理环境和生态问题,是一种适应现代人类生存需要的崭新教育模式。

B.生态道德教育的目标是促进人、社会、环境的协调与可持续发展。它既要协调人与自然的关系,也要协调人与自然背后的人与人之间的利益关系。

C.生态道德教育是用人类特有的道德自觉精神,教育人们认识和领悟人类道德伦理观念的天然合理性,从而成为具有更高人类品性的新人。

D.生态道德教育是要将生态伦理学的思想观念变成人们的自觉行动,引导人们以道德理念去自觉维系生态环境的平衡与不可再生资源的可持续利用。

2.下列对本文有关内容的理解,正确的一项是  (    )

A.生态德育突破了传统德育的范围,主张道德教育回归现实生活,强调人的生态体验,重视培养人的生态意识.

B.生态伦理思想要求人们在处理现实生活中人与人之间的伦理关系时,回归自然,不搞繁琐而无必要的礼节。

C.从道德角度关注生态环境的理念,与中国古代所谓“知者乐水,仁者乐山”的思想是一致的。

D.传统德育关注的是人在人类社会中的生存状态,而生态德育关注的是人在自然界中的生存状态

3.根据本文提供的信息。下列推断不合理的一项是 (    )

A.虽然生态道德教育在我国起步较晚,但是可以预见这门新兴学科一定会引起越来越多的有识之士的重视,并在社会生活中产生实际效益。

B.生态道德教育可以培养大众的环保意识,使之自觉维护生态系统的动态平衡,是解决当前人类环境危机的重要途径之一。

C.提倡生态道德教育,可以逐渐削弱生态环保领域的强制性惩处力度,转换该领域执法机构的工作职能。

D.生态道德观念把人类道德理想上升到一个更高的境界,这就意味着一个不珍爱自然、不自觉维护生态环境的人,不是完美健全的人。

答案

1.C  

2.A   

3.C

完形填空
完形填空。
     Once President Roosevelt's house was broken into and lots of things were stolen. Hearing this, one
of Roosevelt's friends wrote to him and advised him not to take it to his   1  so much. President
Roosevelt wrote back immediately, saying," Dear friend, thank you for your letter to   2  me. I'm all right
now. I think I should thank God. This is because of the following three reasons: firstly, the thief only stole
things from me but did not   3  me at all; secondly, the thief has stolen some of my things   4  all my things;
thirdly, most luckily for me, it was the man   5  me who became a thief…"
     It was quite unlucky for anyone to be stolen from…. However, President Roosevelt had such three
reasons to be so   6  . This story tells us how we can learn to be grateful in our life.
     Being grateful is an important philosophy of life and a great wisdom…. It is impossible for anyone to
be lucky and successful all the time    7  he lives in the world. We should learn how to face failure or
misfortune bravely and    8  and to try to deal with it. If so, should we complain about our life and
become   9 and disappointed ever since then or should we be grateful for our life,   10  again ourselves
after a fall? William Thackeray, a famous British writer, said, "Life is a mirror. When you smile in front of
it, it will also smile and   11  will it when you cry to it." If you are grateful to life, it will bring you shining
sunlight. If you always complain about everything, you may own   12  in the end. When we are successful, we can   13  have many reasons for being grateful, but we have only one excuse to show ungratefulness
if we fail.
     I think we should even be grateful to life   14  we are unsuccessful or unlucky. Only by doing this can
we find our weakness and shortcomings when we fail. We can also get   15  and warmth when we are
unlucky. This can help us find our courage to overcome the difficulties we may face, and receive great
impetus (动力) to   16 . We should treat our frustration and misfortune in our life   17    just as President
Roosevelt did. We should be grateful all the time and keep having a healthy   18    to our life forever,
keep having perfect characters and enterprising spirit. Being grateful is not only a kind of comfort, not
   19   from life and nor thinking of winning in spirit like Ah Q. Being grateful is a way to sing for our life
which comes just from our love and  20 .
( )1. A. mind            
( )2. A. consider        
( )3. A. hurt            
( )4. A. in spite of    
( )5. A. rather than    
( )6. A. comfortable    
( )7. A. so long as      
( )8. A. successfully    
( )9. A. frustrated      
( )10. A. arise          
( )11. A. such          
( )12. A. something      
( )13. A. hardly        
( )14. A. however        
( )15. A. relief        
( )16. A. get on        
( )17. A. in no way      
( )18. A. attitude      
( )19. A. an expectation
( )20. A. experience    
B. heart            
B. persuade        
B. rob              
B. regardless of    
B. other than      
B. happy            
B. because          
B. gratefully      
B. surprised        
B. hold            
B. nor              
B. none            
B. surely          
B. whenever        
B. faith            
B. work on          
B. in the other way
B. way              
B. an appreciation  
B. failure          
C. head          
C. blame        
C. kill          
C. instead of    
C. no other than
C. lucky        
C. even though  
C. sincerely    
C. shocked      
C. rise          
C. so            
C. nothing      
C. impossibly    
C. wherever      
C. confidence    
C. take on      
C. in a good way
C. belief        
C. a complaint  
C. hope          
D. nerve        
D. comfort      
D. notice        
D. in need of    
D. not more than
D. grateful      
D. if only      
D. generously    
D. frightened    
D. understand    
D. either        
D. anything      
D. clearly      
D. whether      
D. inspiration  
D. move on      
D. by the way    
D. thought      
D. an escape    
D. thought      
单项选择题 A1型题