问题 问答题

在研究杠杆平衡条件的实验中:

(1)实验前,将杠杆中点置于支架上,杠杆在不挂钩码,当杠杆静止时,发现杠杆左端高、右端低,此时应把左端的平衡螺母向______调节,直到杠杆保持在______位置平衡.这样做的好处是______;

(2)在杠杆两端挂钩码,不断改变动力或动力臂的大小,调节阻力或阻力臂的大小,使杠杆重新平衡,记录数据如表:分析数据,用F1、F2、l1和l2分别表示动力、阻力、动力臂和阻力臂,则杠杆的平衡条件可表示为______

(3)第三次有数据缺失,请根据所学把它补上.

实验次数动力F1/N动力臂l1/cm阻力F2/N阻力臂l2/cm
1210210
23535
345______10
(4)本实验要多次测量的目的是______.

答案

(1)发现杠杆左端高、右端低,杠杆重心应左移,应将平衡螺母(左端和右端的均可)向左调节,直至杠杆在水平位置平衡时,力的方向与杠杆垂直,力臂可以从杠杆标尺刻度上直接读出来,所以这样做的好处是便于直接读取力臂.

(2)分析表中的实验1、2数据,发现动力×动力臂=阻力×阻力臂,用F1、F2、L1和L2分别表示动力、阻力、动力臂和阻力臂,杠杆平衡条件可表示为:F1l1=F2l2

(3)∵F1l1=F2l2

∴F2=

F1L1
L2
=
4N×5cm
10cm
=2N;

(4)实验时,如果只用一组数据得到结论,偶然性太大,因此应获取多组实验数据便于找出物理规律.

故答案为:(1)左;水平;便于直接读取力臂;(2)F1l1=F2l2;(3)2;(4)便于找出物理规律.

阅读理解

  Early in the year of 2010, a chocolate theme park was opened in Beijing. About 80,000 kilograms of chocolate was used to build the park. The park displayed a mini-army of 560 Terracotta Warriors(秦始皇陵兵马俑) and a 33-foot-long replica(复制品)of a section of the Great Wall. People were able to watch different types of chocolate, and bought some chocolate souvenirs to take home.
 
  A walking robot maid(女保姆)was made by South Korean scientists. They spent two years developing the robot maid. She is 1.3 meters tall and weighs 55 kilograms. She can clean at home, make the bed and even heat food in a microwave oven. She can also be used in different or dangerous situations for humans.
 
  In 19th FIFA World Cup, the football players from all of Nike’s national teams wore special sports clothes. The special clothes were made from recycled plastic bottles from Japan and Taiwan. Each special shirt was made up of eight recycled plastic bottles. It was the first time that the athletes wore such uniforms. People think that they are the most environmentally friendly(环保的) uniforms in football history.
根据表格内容,选择正确答案。
小题1:The theme park in Beijing was made of ____________.
A.woodB.stoneC.plasticD.chocolate
小题2:People could _____________ in the chocolate theme park.
A.see the walking robot maidB.visit a replica of the Great Wall
C.watch a football matchD.buy Nike sports clothes
小题3: The walking robot maid was made in ___________ .
A.BeijingB.JapanC.South KoreanD.Taiwan
小题4:They used __________ recycled plastic bottles to make one special shirt.
A.eightB.eighteenC.eightyD.eighty-five
小题5:Which of the following is TRUE?
A.The walking robot maid can eat food as humans do.
B.The special sports clothes were bad for people’s health.
C.People could buy a robot maid in the chocolate theme park.
D.It took the scientists two years to develop the walking robot maid.
填空题