问题 问答题

图为探究“杠杆的平衡条件”的实验装置,实验中:

(1)首先应调节杠杆两端的螺母,使杠杆在不挂钩码时处于______位置平衡;这一调节过程的目的是为了使杠杆的自重对杠杆平衡不产生影响.如果某同学做实验时发现杠杆左高右低,应将杠杆左端的螺母向______调;或将右端的螺母向______调.

(2)调节好以后,左右两端挂上钩码仍要使杠杆在水平位置平衡,

是为了______.

(3)若钩码所挂位置不动,将左边的钩码拿掉一个,为使杠杆仍然保持平衡,右边的钩码该拿掉______;由此,总结出杠杆的平衡条件为______.

答案

(1)杠杆重心左移应将平衡螺母(左端和右端的均可)向左调节,直至重心移到支点处,使杠杆重力的力臂为零,这样就减小了杠杆的自重对实验的影响;

(2)力臂等于支点到力的作用线的距离,当杠杆在水平位置平衡时,力的方向与杠杆垂直,力臂可以从杠杆标尺刻度上直接读出来;

(3)设一个钩码的重力为G,左面力臂为L1,右面的力臂为L2

杠杆处于平衡状态,则有3GL1=6GL2,L1=2L2

左侧拿掉一个钩码,若杠杆继续保持平衡状态,右侧应拿掉n个钩码,根据杠杆平衡条件则有:

(3-1)GL1=(6-n)GL2

又知:L1=2L2

2×2=6-n,

n=2,

应将右边的钩码拿掉2个;

杠杆的平衡条件为:动力×动力臂=阻力×阻力臂,即:F1L1=F2L2

故答案为:(1)水平;左;左;

(2)直接读出力臂;

(3)2个;F1L1=F2L2

单项选择题
单项选择题

Recently, I flew to Las Vegas to attend a meeting. As we were about to arrive, the pilot announced with apology that there would be a slight (16) before setting down. High desert winds had (17) the airport to close all but one runway. He said that we would be (18) the city for a few minutes waiting to (19) . We were also told to remain in our seats meanwhile with our seat belts fastened (20) there might be a few bumps(颠簸). Well, that few minutes turned into about four-five minutes, including a ride that would make a roller coaster(过山车) (21) by comparison. The movement was so fierce that several passengers felt (22) and had to use airsickness bags. As you might guess, that’ s not a good thing to have happen in a(n) (23) space because it only (24) to increase the discomfort of the situation.

About twenty minutes into the adventure, the entire airplane became very (25) There was now a sense of anxiety and fear that could be (26) noticed. Every passenger simply held on for dear life …except one. A (27) was having a good time! With each bump of the (28) , he would let out a giggle (咯咯地笑)of delight. As I observed this, I (29) that he didn’t know he was supposed to be afraid and worried about his (30) . He neither thought about the past nor about the future. Those are what we gown--ups have learned from (31) . He was (32) the ride because he had not yet been taught to fear it. Having understood this, I took a deep breath and (33) back into my seat, pretending I was (34) on a roller coaster. I smiled for the rest of the flight. I even (35) to giggle once or twice, much to the chagrin(随恼) of the man sitting next to me holding the airsickness bag.

(32)()

A.learning

B.taking

C.missing

D.enjoying