问题 综合题

阅读材料,回答问题:

中国近现代以来留学生情况统计简表

——据周棉著《近代中国留学生群体的形成、发展、影响之分析与今后趋势之展望》

(1)表格作者把鸦片战争到甲午战争时期称为留学的拓荒阶段,试推测他的依据。

(2)根据表格,指出民国初年留学方向有什么新动向?出现这种新的动向的原因以及对中国历史发展的主要作用是什么?

(3)根据材料与所学知识,你如何看待中国自鸦片战争以来留学情况。

答案

(1)依据:中国原来几乎没有出去留学的,因为清朝一向以天朝大国自居,虽然欧洲社会发生了巨大的变化,但是统治者出于对西方势力的戒备以及自大、保守心态,逐步走上闭关锁国的道路。两次鸦片战争后,面对数千年未有之变局,清政府中出现了洋务派,主张学习和引进西方先进的科学技术,掀起了洋务运动,开始选派留学生出国学习,虽然人数少,影响不大,但毕竟有了开始,故谓“拓荒”。

(2)新动向:留学苏联。原因:俄国十月革命的胜利,给国际无产阶级运动和被压迫民族解放运动以极大的鼓舞。作用:加快马克思主义传播,为中 * * 党、中国革命培养大批人才。

(3)本题采用分层评分法,按以下五个递进的层次评分:

第一层次,前结构:没有形成对问题的理解,回答与问题无关或同义反复。酌情给0——3分。

第二层次,单点结构:找到一个线索或材料即得出结论。酌情给4——6分。

能单纯从一个线索或材料得出相应结论:如从留学方向的变化情况得出相应结论;或从留学人数的变化情况得出相应结论;或从留学生代表看历史影响的角度得出相应结论;或单纯从一个历史时期的留学方向、人数、留学生代表的情况得出结论。

第三层次,多点结构:使用多个线索或材料,进行单一维度地解释。酌情给7——9分。

能通过 多个线索或材料,得出中国近代不同历史时期留学特征的相关结论或关于影响的相关结论。

第四层次,关联结构:能在多个线索或材料之间建立起联系,并对此做出解释。10——12分。

能通过多个线索或材料,得出中国近代不同历史时期留学特征及影响的相关结论,并通过对中外历史背景变化的分析对上述结论做出合理的解释。

第五层次,抽象拓展结构:能够拓展材料本身的意义,并进行更为抽象的提炼和概括。酌情给13—15分。

能在第四层的基础上, 进行抽象的提炼或概括。如从以下角度抽象归纳出规律性知识:如何客观看待西方侵略的影响、统治者的主观愿望和客观结果、人才与国家的振兴、民族的发展等。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Honesty, my mum always used to tell me, is the best policy. Of course, this didn't include her when she

told me that if I didn't eat all my vegetables Father Christmas would find out and wouldn't give me any presents.

     But when it comes to medicine, I had assumed it was important to always be honest with my patients.

After all, the doctor patient-relationship is based on trust, and therefore honesty is essential. Or so I thought.

     I had just started working in geriatrics (老年病科). Mr. McMahon was brought in when his belly was

found very swollen. I took a medical history from his daughter who'd accompanied him in the ambulance.

She'd been his main career for years. I stood looking at him as she gave a detailed history." Has he lost any

weight recently?" I asked, "Well, it's funny you should mention that, but yes," she said slowly. There was

silence for a few moments. "Why? What are you worried about?" she asked. I hesitated. She was obviously

very involved in his care and it was only fair that I told her the truth. "Well, we need to prove it's not cancer,"

I said and talked briefly about some of the tests I was going to order.

     Half an hour later, a nurse called me:"Mr. McMahon's daughter broke down-she said you told her he had

cancer." My heart sank. By the time I arrived at the ward, my consultant was already there, explaining that

we still had to run lots of tests and that it was by no means confirmed that he had cancer. I stood silently at

the end of the bed. My consultant was obviously angry with me and as we left Mr. McMahon, she turned to

me. "Why on earth did you do that?" she asked in disbelief. I looked at her and bit my lip. "She asked me what

I was worried about and I told her." I said, hanging my head. "And give her more to worry about?" replied my

consultant. "You don't say the word 'cancer' until it's confirmed. Even if you suspect it, think very carefully

before you tell people."

     As it turned out, it wasn't cancer. But I did learn that when someone is stressed and worried about their

loved one they're sometimes selective in what they hear-and as a doctor it's important to be mindful of this.

In being truthful, I'd made the situation worse.

1. The purpose of the first two paragraphs is to show that the author _____.

A. misunderstood the doctor-patient relationship

B. was anxious to receive Christmas gifts

C. regarded honesty as the best policy

D. had an unhealthy eating habit

2. The author's consultant was angry with him because _____.

A. he told the daughter what he suspected

B. he delayed running the necessary tests

C. he failed to confirm the parent's disease

D. he forgot what the consultant had advised

3. The author hung his head (the underlined part in Para.4) because he was feeling _____.

A. guilty

B. hurt

C. disappointed

D. helpless

4. What lesson has the author learnt from his experience?

A. Learning from parents is necessary.

B. Jumping to a conclusion is dangerous.

C. Telling the truth may not always be the best solution.

D. Selecting pleasant words may not be the perfect policy.

多项选择题