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问题 综合

下列A、B、C、D四条曲线表示不同纬度在6月22日的太阳高度日变化，读图回答以下问题。(12分)

(1)根据图中信息判断：A,B,C,D四地中，此日有太阳直射现象的是，能观察到极昼现象的有和，正午影子半年朝北，半年朝南的是。(4分)

(2)A、B、C、D四地，按纬度由高到低排列为。春分日正午太阳高度角由大到小排列为。(2分)

(3)A地经纬度是；B地所在国是    _  ；D地东半年看北极星的仰角是。(3分)

(4)一架飞机从B地飞往C地，飞行方向是方向，为了保持飞机飞行高度始终在平流层下部，机长应在飞行过程中将飞行高度逐渐(上升、下降)，原因是。(3分)

答案

(1)A(1分)  B(1分)  D(1分)  C(1分)

(2)DBAC(1分)CABD(1分)

(3)23~26°N，150~E(1分)俄罗斯(1分)90。(1分)

(4)西南(1分) 上升(1分)纬度越低，对流层厚度越大(1分)

（1）根据6月22日A,B,C,D四地太阳高度日变化可以判断，A为北回归线，B为北极圈，C为赤道，D为北极点。有太阳直射现象的是A，能观察到极昼现象的是B和D；正午影子半年朝北，半年朝南的是C。

（2）根据上题信息，A、B、C、D四地，纬度由高到低排列为DBAC；春分日太阳直射赤道，正午太阳高度角由大到小排列为CABD。

（3）根据6月22日太阳高度角最大为90°、太阳高度最大时北京时间为10时，A地经纬度为23°26′N，150°E；同样思路可以判断B地经纬度为66°34′N，120°E，该国家为俄罗斯；D地东半年看北极星的仰角是90°（北极星的仰角就是当地的纬度）。

（4）对流层在低纬高度为17—18千米；中纬高度为12-13千米；高纬高度只有8-9千米。一架飞机从B地飞往C地，飞行方向是西南方向（根据地理坐标，北半球向右偏），为了保持飞机飞行高度始终在平流层下部，机长应在飞行过程中将飞行高度逐渐上升，原因是纬度越低，对流层厚度越大。

单项选择题

碳素钢管管材的热线膨胀系数约为（）mm/（m℃）。

A.0.010

B.0.012

C.0.015

D.0.020
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单项选择题

Americans have become addicted to superlatives. We seem to need our regular "hyperbole fixes" as if to validate our own existence. This national syndrome becomes most egregious during the run- up to the "Super Bowl," a football game that more often than not turns out to be the "ho-hum" bowl. But to the attuned ear, this pumped-up hype routinely infects most of our conversations. This exaggeration is not the exclusive province of the magpies of sports talk. In a broader sense, some of these embellishments carry with them a subtle but undeniable element of dishonesty.
The news media is perhaps most culpable in promoting our obsession with overstatement. Consider last November’s midterm elections. Television’s political pundits portrayed the results as a "landslide victory" for Republicans and a rejection of President Obama. While it’s true that the GOP picked up 63 seats, the "massive win" becomes a slim plurality when you crunch the numbers.
Michael McDonald, a professor of politics at Virginia’s George Mason University, found that only 41 percent of eligible voters even bothered to vote in the so-called GOP landslide. And within that 41 percent, the margin of victory for House Republicans in the national popular vote was about 7 percent. Still, the media acted as though America had become a tea party nation. In reality, more Americans identify as Democrats (31 percent) than Republicans (29 percent), according to a recent Gallup survey.
Distortions like this tend to be at their most shameful during triumphs and tragedies, precisely when facts and events should be able to stand on their own without being propped up by the banalities of those paid to read a TV teleprompter. I recall during CNN’s live coverage of Pope John Paul Ⅱ’s funeral in 2005, one of my colleagues gushed in her impromptu on-air eulogy that the late pontiff was "the pope of the whole world!"
Such silly media pronouncements are so common that few of us even notice them as they float off into the ether. Yet such hyperbole is not just pompous; it also reveals considerable ignorance. My former colleague’ s remark marginalized not just the billion or so Protestants and Eastern Orthodox adherents who don’ t follow orders from Rome but also the 4 billion Muslims, Jews, Hindus, Buddhists, and others who don’t consider the pontiff worthy of such adulation and veneration. Perhaps just as embarrassing amid this verbal extravagance was the failure to note the significant Catholic dissent over his legacy. Many Roman Catholic clerics, including Jesuits, had been quite critical of John Paul Ⅱ; some were privately relieved his time at the helm was up.
"Great" and "awesome" are other examples of overused words that have become almost meaningless. Earthquakes, tsunamis, and tornados bearing down on you are awesome. Bone- crunching NFL football tackles and films like "Avatar" are not. "Awesome" is so overused it can now be rendered to mean "rather ordinary. " "Tragedy" has become another nearly meaningless word. It used to be reserved for events of mass casualties and deep suffering. Now it’s applied to stories ranging from lost puppies to quarterly earnings reports. The adage (attributed to Stalin) comes to mind: "The death of one man is a tragedy. The death of millions is a statistic. "
The real tragedy is the demise of intelligent self-expression, a consequence of our shriveling vocabularies. Well may we cringe listening to contemporary blather, especially superlatives like "unbelievable," which should properly be used to describe politicians. Sometimes this national obsession with superlatives does a genuine disservice. Wherever did we get the idea that everyone who serves in the military is a hero Heroism demands an act of valor. A retired US Navy captain I know put it best: "Heroes are selfless warriors who risk their lives and often give their lives so others may live. There are plenty of warriors and wannabes, but very few genuine heroes. " If Americans insist on anointing themselves with superlatives, they should at least strive to imitate the British, who are the true masters of exaggeration.
The late historian Barbara Tuchman was spot on: "No nation has ever produced a military history of such verbal nobility as the British’". There is no shrinking from superlatives.... Everyone is splendid: soldiers are staunch, commanders cool, the fighting magnificent. " Years later Ms. Tuchman told me nothing she ever wrote received such an overwhelmingly favorable response as that passage. But rather than imitating British hyperbole, Americans would do well to master the art of understatement and dry wit, the other speaking technique at which the British excel.
In the film "A Hard Day’s Night," John Lennon was asked by an inquiring reporter about his impressions of the United States.
"How did you find America" Lennon was asked.
"Turn left at Greenland," he replied.

The pàssage used John Lennon’s reply to "How did you find America"

A. to display the British use of understatement and dry wit
B. to give an example to show John Lennon’s personality
C. to show the difference between American and British exaggeration
D. to compare the national characters of Americans and the British
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