B The Culture Debate in the US:Whose Culture Is This ,Anyway 美国的文化辩论：空间是谁的文化？
Part of the debate about culture revolves around issues of perspective and ownership. Within a nation such (1) the United States—a nation whose cultural heritage includes elements from every corner of the world (2) are a great many perspectives coexisting and intertwining in the cultural fabriC．When we all ask (3) as individuals, "what belongs to me, to my culture " we are rewarded with a spectacular variety of (4) ; in this way, different perspectives and ownership of different cultural traditions enriches everyone. But when we ask " (5) belongs to us, to our culture " we ask a much harder question. Do the people of the (6) States, or of any culturally complex human society, necessarily share common cultural elements If so, who gets (7) decide what those elements are
This debate is a crucial one in many cultures throughout the world (8) . In the US, the debate promises to impact the way we educate our children—that is, (9) manner and shape in which culture reproduces itself—and the way we write our laws. In (10) countries, equally crucial issues are at stake.
For many people, what is at stake is the character (11) US national identity. Hirsch argues that this identity needs to become less culturally fragmented; others, like Walker, (12) that the national character gets its strength from cultural diversity, from the freedom (at home and in (13) ) to celebrate, honor, and reproduce different cultural traditions. Those who take this latter view follow the reasoning (14) Shweder, arguing that we need to accept that there are multiple valid cultural perspectives and that two (15) perspectives can both be valid even though they might contradict one another.
Recognize that the position you (16) in this debate about culture—whatever position you take—is a political one with implications (17) what we should value, what we should praise, what we should accept, what we should teach. When (18) reflect on this debate, when you contribute your own voice to the discussion, try to be (19) of the implications that follow from your position. When you listen to the voices of others, try to (20) with awareness, deciding for yourself what is at stake and how their positions relate to your own.

民主与法制在人类社会发展史上具有十分重要的地位，结合相关知识，回答下列问题。

（1）法国在资本主义民主法制史上有着重要的地位。请列举法国大革命和拿破仑统治时期的重要法律性文件。

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（2）翻开法国大革命时期颁布的一份文件，有以下条文：第一条：国家主权属于人民；第二条：财产权是神圣不可侵犯的；第三条：人生来是而且始终是自由的，在权利方面是平等的；第四条：全国公民有权亲自或通过自己选举代表参与法律的制定。

请你指出以下观点违背了这份文件的哪些条款？

①国家主权属于国王。违背了第_____________条。

②国王的意志即法律。违背了第______________条。

③全国居民应分为若干等级，各自享受应有的权利。违背了第________________条。

④国王有权任意侵占臣民的财产。违背了第_________________条。

（3）下图中的自由女神像穿着古希腊风格的服装，右手高擎火炬，左手紧抱象征着建国独的一份文件，这份文件的名称是什么？自由女神像是法国在1876年赠送给美国的礼物，选择这个年代有什么特别的意义？自由女神为什么身着古希腊风格的服装？

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（4）美国1787年宪法中规定：行政、立法、司法大权分别归谁掌握？

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