简评“社会趋同论”。_爱下问搜题

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问题问答题论述题

简评“社会趋同论”。

答案

参考答案：

社会趋同论是一些学者用来解释不同国家在现代化过程中遵循同一规律的理论。最早由荷兰经济学家丁伯根于1961年提出。社会趋同论的基本观点是：社会现代化过程中，尽管不同的社会起点、社会制度、具体条件不尽相同，但都会经历同样的过程，经济上的工业化、政治民主化、城市化、世俗化。经过社会现代化的过程，不同国家在许多方面变得越来越相似。评价：①社会趋同论认为社会变迁是由工业化、科学技术进步引起的。由于工业化、科学技术的进步有自己的发展规律，所以无论什么国家和社会，只要现代化达到一定水平，就会出现相似的特征。（工业化、民主化、科层化）。②没有看到社会趋异是更重要的方面。在趋同中也包含一些不同。

胡 * * 在河南焦作农村考察期间对乡亲们说,发展粮食生产,一靠政策,二靠科技。

那么改革开放以来促进我国农业发展的因素有

①人民公社化运动　②实行家庭联产承包责任制　③推广籼型杂交水稻　④土地改革

A．①②

B．③④

C．①④

D．②③

完形填空

If Mickey Mouse slips (滑倒)on a banana skin on TV, viewers laugh. But for ordinary people, falling is not 36 . For e

xample, if you   37 over a stone or fall off your bike, you have to take days to get well. For   38 people, the result of a fall could be worse.
Scientists at the University of Pittsburgh, USA, wanted to know why some people are   39 likely to fall than others.
The researchers found that   40 means more than planting your feet on the ground and standing tall. Your brain   41 your sense of balance with information from your eyes and inner ears and the   42 from your feet and legs. If something goes wrong with any of these, you’re   43  to fall. People   44 to fall more often as they grow older because their senses are slower.
State of mind is important too. The research shows that when people know they’re walking on a slippery surface, they   45 their pace and walk with flatter feet. As a result, they fall less often.
“We actually   46 people slip and fall,” researcher Mark Redfern said. People of different ages fall on   47 in his lab. Cameras   48 their falls and a computer analyzes the information. Scientists then can   49 people who fall often how to be more watchful.
“If they get   50 to a lifelike but controlled environment, people can   51 learn to handle the   52 thing,” Redfern said.
Falls happen to everyone sometimes.   53 you see someone fall, think about why and offer a helping   54 . This person’s painful experience may   55 you from falling at the same place.