问题 填空题

刺毛鼠(2n=16)背上有硬刺毛,体色呈浅灰色或沙色。张教授在一个封闭饲养的刺毛鼠种群中,偶然发现了一只无刺雄鼠(浅灰色),全身无刺毛,并终身保留无刺状态。张教授为了研究无刺小鼠的遗传特性,让这只无刺雄鼠与雌性刺毛鼠交配,结果F1全是刺毛鼠;再让F1刺毛鼠雌雄交配,生产出8只无刺小鼠和25只刺毛鼠,其中无刺小鼠全为雄性。

(1)张教授初步判断:①.该雄鼠无刺的原因是基因突变造成的,而不是营养不良或其他环境因素造成的;②.控制无刺性状的基因位于性染色体上。写出张教授作出上述两项判断的理由:

判断①的理由__________________________;判断②的理由__________________________。

(2)若该浅灰色无刺雄鼠基因型为BbXaY(基因独立遗传),为验证基因的自由组合定律,则可用来与该鼠进行交配的个体基因型分别为_________________。(写出两种即可)

(3)若该浅灰色无刺雄鼠的某精原细胞经减数分裂产生了一个BbbXa的精子,则同时产生的另外三个精子的基因型分别为________、Y、Y,这四个精子中染色体数目依次为__________,这些精子与卵细胞结合后,会引起后代发生变异,这种变异属于___________。

答案

(1)因为无刺的性状可遗传给后代,是可遗传的变异,种群中常见种为刺毛鼠,出现无刺性状(个别性状的变化)最可能是基因突变的结果        因为F1刺毛鼠雌雄交配后代无刺性状和性别相关联,故该基因位于性染色体上。

(2)bbXaXa、bbXAXa、BbXaXa、BbXAXa

(3)BXa      10、8、7、7      染色体变异

阅读理解

E

Almost every day we come across situations in which we have to make decisions one way or another. Choice, we are given to believe, is a right. But for a good many people in the world. In rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, something wonderful but hard to get, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, a false idea created by companies and advertiser, hoping to sell their products.

The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people’s lives. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item(商品) that is not really wanted. Recent studies in England have shown that many electrical goods bought in almost every family are not really needed. More difficult decision-making is then either avoided or trusted into the hands of the professionals, lifestyle instructors, or advisors.

It is not just the availability of the goods that is the problem, but the speed with which new types of products come on the market. Advances in design and production help quicken the process Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The typical example is computers, which are almost out-of-date once they are bought. This indeed makes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with case into a shop and buy one thing; no choice, no anxiety.

小题1: What does the author try to argue in Paragraph 1?

A.The exercise of rights is a luxury.

B.The practice of choice is difficult.

C.The right of choice is given but at a price.

D.Choice and right exist at the same time.小题2: Why do more choices of goods give rise to anxiety?

A.Professionals find it hard to decide on a suitable product.

B.People are likely to find themselves overcome by business persuasion.

C.Shoppers may find themselves lost in the broad range of items.

D.Companies and advertisers are often misleading about the rage of choice.小题3:By using computers as an example, the author wants to prove that    .

A.advanced products meet the needs of people

B.products of the latest design fold the market

C.competitions are fierce in high-tech industry

D.everyday goods need to be replaced often小题4: What is this passage mainly about?

A.The variety of choices in modern society.

B.The opinions on people’s right in different countries

C.The Problems about the availability of everyday goods.

D.The helplessness in purchasing decisions

单项选择题