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简述职务犯罪。

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参考答案:

职务犯罪的本质特征是以权谋私、权钱交易。广义的职务犯罪可包括一切基于职务行为的犯罪;狭义的职务犯罪是指国家机关和国家工作人员利用职务之便,贪污、受贿、玩忽职守或滥用职权侵犯公民权利,破坏国家对公务活动的管理职能,依照法律规定应当受到惩处的行为。狭义的职务犯罪可划分为三大类:即贪污贿赂、渎职和侵犯公民人身权利。贪污贿赂犯罪包括:贪污罪、挪用公款罪、受贿罪、单位受贿罪、行贿罪、对单位行贿罪、介绍贿赂罪、单位行贿罪、巨额财产来源不明罪、隐瞒境外存款罪、私分国有资产罪、私分罚没财物罪等。渎职罪包括:滥用职权、玩忽职守、枉法追诉裁判罪、私放在押人员罪、国家工作人员签订、履行合同被骗罪等。侵犯公民人身权利民主权利的犯罪包括刑讯逼供罪,报复陷害罪等。

阅读理解

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According to official statistics released by the Chinese government, China is expected to run out of water around the year 2030. In its directive on water use, the State Council (国务院) has stated, “Taking into full account water-saving, by 2030 our country’s water use will reach or approach the total volume of exploitable water resources (可利用的水资源总量), and the drought-fighting situation will be increasingly serious.” Such statements are certainly serious, and every man, woman and child in China must consider the situation and how it relates to their lives.

So, will China run out of water completely? The news is not all bad. Although there are serious concerns, there are some reasons to be hopeful. One of the simplest is just to consider that China has had a long history of water problems. From flooding to drought, balancing water needs has always been an issue in China; it is something that many public projects are already addressing. Some of these projects need time before their long-term value can be properly seen, but there is reason to hope that they will prove useful.

Another reason for hope lies in what seems at first to be a terrible fact: nearly 70% of China’s water is so contaminated that it is not only unsuitable for drinking but is also not useful for individual purposes. How can this be good news? Well, in recent years, the terrible situation has motivated the government and the public to become more and more committed to cleaning up these contaminated sources. Several projects have already been successful in partially cleaning these water sources. As this commitment increases, more and more of China’s water is being cleaned and made available for use.

Finally, the international community, particularly NGOs (Non Government Organizations) and the corporate community, have begun to focus on ways to help China stretch its limited water resources. Several business and NGOs are already studying the issue and investing in solutions.

It is certainly important for everyone in China to understand the situation and to take part in conserving water. Thankfully, however, the situation is not hopeless. Through the cooperation of the government, the people, NGOs and business, China can continue to find the water it needs.

72. What does the first paragraph tell us?

A. China is seriously short of water now.’

B. We still have enough water for drink and use.

C. China will be faced with serious water shortage in two decades.

D. We needn’t consider the situation for the moment.

73. Which of the following reasons to be hopeful is not mentioned?

A. Many in the international and corporate community have begun to help China.

B. China has dealt with many water problems.

C. The government and the public are becoming more and more committed to cleaning up the contaminated sources.

D. The Chinese have enough confidence and courage to overcome the difficulty.

74. Which of the following can replace the underlined word contaminated in Paragraph 3?

A. cleaned           B. wasted           C. polluted            D. purified

75. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to this passage?

A. The international community and the corporate community have begun to help China develop it limited water resources.

B. All China’s water is so contaminated that it is unsuitable for both drinking and industrial purposes.

C. Several business and NGOs had already studied the issue and invested in solutions.

D. There is no hope for China to find the water it needs.

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