问题 解答题

(一)如图是生态系统中碳循环的简明示意图,请根据图回答下列问题:

(1)图中缺少的一个重要箭头,请在图中画出.

(2)A过程是通过______完成的.

(3)A、B、C、D四个过程中,__________________三个过程本质相同.

(4)碳在无机环境与生物之间以______的形式进行循环.

(5)碳循环始终与______结合在一起进行.

(二)如图是植物进化历程图解,据图回答问题:

(6)原始生命形成以后,由于营养方式不同,一部分进化为不能自养的原始动物,另一部分进化为具有______的A______.

(7)最早登陆的植物类群是B______和C______.但是B、C的生殖离不开水,后来一部分C进化为原始的______,包括D______和E______.

(8)植物进化的趋势是:______.

(三)看图回答问题:

(9)上面五种生物中,属于细菌的是______,属于真菌的是______.

(10)真菌的生殖方式是:______,细菌的生殖方式是:______.

答案

(1)

 如图可知,绿色植物与大气中的二氧化碳库之间是双箭头,说明绿色植物光合作用既能吸收二氧化碳,放出氧气,同时呼吸作用还能吸收氧气,产生二氧化碳. E表示光合作用,C表示呼吸作用.图中缺少E所表示的箭头.

(2)细菌和真菌作为分解者的主要作用是将动植物遗体中的有机物分解成二氧化碳、水和无机盐,被植物重新吸收利用,制造有机物.促进自然界中的物质循环.

(3)细胞利用氧,将有机物分解成二氧化碳和水,并且将储存在有机物中的能量释放出来,供给生命活动的需要,这个过程叫呼吸作用.呼吸作用是生物的共同特征.由图可知:图中A、B、C过程都是表示生物体的呼吸作用. 

(4)绿色植物通过光合作用把二氧化碳和水合成有机物,把光能转化成化学能储存在制造的有机物中.同时也进行呼吸作用,分解体内的有机物,产生二氧化碳和水,返回无机环境,并释放能量;动物通过呼吸作用在线粒体里把有机物分解成二氧化碳和水,返回无机环境中,并释放能量;细菌和真菌把动植物残体中的有机物分解成二氧化碳和水归还无机环境,促进了物质的循环.

(5)绿色植物能够通过光合作用把二氧化碳和水转化成有机物,释放氧气,同时将光能转变成化学能储存在制造的有机物中,为自身和生物圈中的其他生物提供物质和能量.

(6)原始生命由于营养方式不同,一部分进化为没有叶绿体的原始单细胞动物,另一部分进化为具有叶绿体的A原始藻类.

(7)植物的进化历程:

(8)生物进化的总体趋势是由简单到复杂,由低等到高等,由水生到陆生. 

(9)一个细菌就是一个细胞,细菌的结构有细胞壁、细胞膜、细胞质、DNA,有的有鞭毛和荚膜.没有成形细胞核、叶绿体;真菌中除多细胞的霉菌和大型真菌,如蘑菇外,还有单细胞的种类,如酵母菌.真菌细胞与细菌细胞的最大区别是有无成形的细胞核.霉菌有青霉和曲霉两种,它们的孢子串分别呈放射状(扫帚状)、球状.由图可知:A是病毒(没有细胞结构),B是酵母菌,C是细菌,D是曲霉,E是蘑菇.其中B、C、D属于真菌.

(10)细菌的生殖方式是分裂生殖;真菌的生殖方式是孢子生殖.

故答案为:(1)如下图箭头E表示光合作用;

(2)细菌和真菌或分解者;(3)A;B;C;(4)二氧化碳;(5)光合作用;(6)叶绿体;原始藻类;(7)原始苔藓植物;原始蕨类植物;原始的种子植物;原始裸子植物;原始被子植物;(8)由简单到复杂,由低等到高等,由水生到陆生;(9)C;B、D、E;(10)孢子生殖;分裂生殖.

问答题
阅读理解

When I first saw the book Alice in Lace, I thought I was going to like it. And as it turned out, I love it! I love books about life and being a kid. And Alice in Lace is just that kind. It’s a humorous book about being thirteen and the problems kids might face. Alice and her friends get a strange assignment from their totally cool teacher, Mr. Everett. It was like playing the game of “Life,” but you had to act it out.

So Pamela is pregnant, Elizabeth buys a car and Alice gets married. Well, of course, Pamela wasn’t really pregnant, but she walked around with a pillow under her shirt to get people’s reactions. Elizabeth didn’t really buy a car, but she went to the car lot and made the sales guy think she was. The whole class got assignments like these! I would love to do something like that for school.

In the book Alice has a lot to think about. “Getting married is hard!” Alice says. She has to plan the ceremony, the honeymoon, find a place to live, pay for furniture and two months’ rent and food. Maybe she and her “husband” could work it out — if they were getting on fine!

Although this book was funny, it really made me think about how problems like these could really mess up your life. Take teenage pregnancy for example. How could you have a baby and stay in school? You couldn’t find a babysitter every day to stay with your kid. A child really consumes your life. I understand what the teacher was trying to do. He was trying to discourage the class from getting into these problems by giving them a glimpse of life. As someone about to become a teenager myself, I can say sometimes a story makes you think about what’s up ahead.

Overall, I would say this book is wonderful. My favorite part of the book is discovering that if I like it, there are seven other Alice books I can check out at my local library. I love this book, and I hope you will too.

小题1:We can infer from the passage that Pamela, Elizabeth and Alice _______.

A.turn out to be the author’s classmates

B.are characters in Alice in Lace

C.get along quite well

D.become dismissed from school小题2:By saying “getting married is hard” in the paragraph 3, Alice means ______.

A.life isn’t easy as expected

B.it is hard to deal with her husband

C.she regrets getting married

D.it’s fun to get married小题3:Why did Mr. Everett give his students such assignments?

A.To encourage them to enjoy a meaningful life.

B.To prevent them getting into those troubles at an early age.

C.To make them realize the hardship of life.

D.To teach them how to make a living.小题4:The author writes the passage mainly to _____.

A.advise us to buy Alice in Lace

B.tell us how wonderful Mr. Everett’s idea is

C.share her inspiration from Alice in Lace

D.show off her reading ability