问题 材料题

阅读下列材料并回答问题:

材料一 朕于任何时候都不如在议会中时把握更高的为王身份,在这里,朕如首,臣(指议员们)如躯,联合一体,组成国家。 ——英王亨利八世(1509——l547年在位)

古老的英国政体属于有限君主类型……(国王的)权力虽然很充分,却受到三大宪政原则的限制:其一,不经议会同意国王不得立法。其二,不经议会同意国王不得征税。其三,他必须按国家法律来管理行政,如果他违背法律,其谋臣及代办官员应负责任。 ——英国历史学家马考莱

首先,不是她(伊丽莎白一世)统治而是她的法律统治。……女王不制定法律,而是可敬的议会司法庭在制定;她不中断法律,而必须是她和议员们一起才能中断,舍此而不可。 ——艾尔默

材料二 税收问题上出现的分歧是国王与议会矛盾的集中体现。詹姆士一世经常绕开议会向人民横征暴敛,还多次悍然解散议会,逮捕反对派。资产阶级和新贵族深受其害,进一步加深他们对专制王权的不满。 ——《近代社会民主思想与实践》

材料三 法律的权力高于国王的权力;过去国王拥有的“搁置”法律的权力是非法的;国王未经议会同意,无权征税;在和平时期,未经议会同意,国王无权招募和维持常备军;议会选举必须自由,议会议员拥有言论自由,议会应经常集会…… ——英国《权利法案》(摘录)

(1)根据材料一,指出国王与议会各自拥有哪些权力?二者之间存在怎样的关系?

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(2)根据材料二,指出17世纪初,国王与议会围绕税收问题不断展开斗争的实质。

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(3)材料三中《权利法案》确定议会主权至上原则对英国政治发展有何重要影响?

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答案

(1)国王拥有按议会制定的法律来掌管国家行政的权力;议会则享有立法权、征税权和监督权。关系:议会是法律的制定者和监督者,国王是执行者,二者共同管理国家。

(2)实质:专制王权与资产阶级的权利斗争。

(3)议会主权至上的地位限制了国王的权力;使英国的统治方式从人治转向法治,为以后议会制君主立宪制的形成、发展和完善奠定了基础;英国社会从此进入长期稳定发展时期。

阅读理解

Although many Chinese students say that their knowledge of English grammar is good, most would admit that their spoken English is poor. Whenever I speak to a Chinese student they always say, “My spoken English is poor.” However, their spoken English does not have to remain “poor”! I would like to suggest that there may be some reasons for their problems with spoken English.

First, they fail to find suitable words to express themselves due to a limited vocabulary. Obviously the better answer is to expand their vocabulary. However, you can speak with a limited vocabulary, if your attitude is positive. Others will follow you as long as you use the words that you know.

Second, they are afraid of making mistakes. Sometimes they make mistakes when they are speaking because they are shy and nervous. Yet students should remember that their goal should be FLUENCY NOT ACCURACY(准确性). Your aim in writing is to be accurate following the rules for grammar and using the right words and spelling them correctly. However, in speaking your aim is fluency. You want to get your message across, to talk to someone in English, as quickly and as well as you can, even though sometimes you may use a wrong word or tense, but it doesn’t matter because the person you are speaking to will understand you and make allowances for any mistakes he hears.

The third reason is that not enough attention is paid to listening. You have one mouth but two ears! All that hearing was necessary for you to start speaking.

Fourth, most Chinese students are reactive rather than proactive language learners. Instead of actively seeking out opportunities to improve their spoken English, they passively wait for speaking opportunities to come to them and wonder why their English always remains poor. If you have this proactive outlook, then you will see English opportunities wherever you go.

If you do not use your English beyond the classroom, you will forget what English you know. Remember: USE IT OR LOSE IT! You can learn how to speak English better by speaking English more.

小题1:What is most probably the writer’s purpose in writing the passage?

A.To improve your reading.

B.To improve your listening.

C.To improve your spoken English.

D.To improve your vocabulary.小题2:It can be inferred from the third paragraph that______.

A.don’t be fluency , Just be accuracy

B.don’t be nervous ,don’t be shy . Just write!

C.don’t be afraid of making mistakes . Just speak!

D.don’t be shy ,don’t be fluency. Just listen and write!小题3:The last paragraph is possibly close to the meaning of “_____”.

A.more hurry, less speed

B.better late than never

C.silence is gold

D.practice makes perfect小题4:The text is most probably taken from a ______.

A.teacher’s diary

B.report on study

C.sports newspaper

D.movie magazine

单项选择题