问题 选择题

下列说法错误的是 (   )

A.在统计里,把所需考察对象的全体叫作总体

B.一组数据的平均数一定大于这组数据中的每个数据

C.平均数、众数与中位数从不同的角度描述了一组数据的集中趋势

D.一组数据的方差越大,说明这组数据的波动越大

答案

答案:B

平均数不大于最大值,不小于最小值

阅读理解与欣赏

吹口琴的男孩

我曾在一个小城居住过一段时间。春天的早晨,这里常常会泛起大雾,因此我上班的时间通常是很早的。我在一家书店里工作。

街角上有一根竖起的木杆,上面垂挂着一只广播喇叭。我每天都从它的下面经过,当然,它也框定了我的生活规律,从那段清晨音乐一响,我就知道,是该起床的时间了,随后是固定的一些上班前的准备工作——刷牙,洗脸,用那柄木梳胡乱地梳理几下头发。吃点简单的早饭后,马上推出那架丁当作响的自行车驶入弯曲狭窄的小街。那段音乐要持续很长的一段时间,而且声音足以涵盖我住地周围的大部分地区。

一天,我照例穿过这条街口去上班,无意中一回头,我发现在那根木杆下站着一个孩子。他瘦瘦的。穿着很单薄。从他的目光中我还可以断定:他是一个盲童。雾仍很大。我想他一定是凭借着这声音的指引才摸到这里来的。此后的每天,我都能看到这个孩子。那个男孩也知道在一阵车铃声响过之后,便会有人停下来,默默地陪他听上会儿音乐。但我们谁都没有说话。这样的默契很快随着这条街道的拓宽被打破,那只喇叭被人摘走了。那个男孩也随之没有再来。

再次遇到他是三个月以后的事了。当时我正穿过小街,忽然听到从街口处传来一阵断断续续的琴声。我循声而去,只见一个男孩坐在青石板上,在动情地吹着一只口琴。正是那个男孩。我停住了车子。他也感觉到我的存在,但他没有理会。那只口琴在日光的照耀下闪着动人的白光。“明天还来吗?”我问。他分明是要回家了。他沉默了一会儿。似乎在分辨我声音的确切含意。“嗯”,他终于点点头。双手牢牢地握着那只锃亮的口琴。“你的家住在哪儿?”他没作声。只是用手指了指前面——显然是那些低矮平房中的某一户人家。

第二天,我又来到了那里。而且果然又看见了他。不同的是在他的面前放了一只盛满清水的盆子,他用一把小毛刷摸索着擦拭那只口琴。

“怎么不吹了?”我弯下腰,一把握住那双干瘦的小手。他没有拒绝。

“我就是陪你听音乐的那个叔叔,告诉我,你为什么不吹了呢?”

“他不该这样说我!”他显然是相信了我。

“他是谁?”

“那个借我口琴的孩子。”

“他说什么了?”

“……他说……他说你怎样吹不都是一个瞎子吗?我当初借你口琴是因为你实在是太可怜了,我一吹口琴,你就跟在我身后,索性不如……”我看到这个男孩的眼中有盈盈的泪光在闪动。

“现在,我要把这只口琴刷干净,还给他!让他知道,他的口琴是干净的,千万可别弄脏了它!”

我沉默了许久。最后我对这个男孩说:“等着,孩子,明天你将会得到一把新的、干净的口琴。请相信叔叔,好吗?”他的手紧紧握了一握。

“那……好吧。”这个男孩犹豫了一下,还是答应了。第二天,他穿了一件干净的衣服迎候我。我把口琴递给他:“这是我在商店刚刚买的,和原来的一模一样。”

“等着,叔叔,”他的口气柔和了许多,“十天以后你再来这里好吗?”他几乎是恳求的样子。我答应了他。

十天过去了。我们又见面了。那个男孩手里攥着一个布口袋,我明白了一切,想阻止他,但他的固执劲儿又上来了,“叔叔,这是我和妈妈糊纸盒挣的钱,您收下吧,我不能白要您的口琴。真的,叔叔。”我沉默地看着那个瘦瘦的男孩,慢慢接过了这折皱的分分角角。

“告诉你,叔叔,我还要上盲童学校呢。以后就会有好多老师教我唱歌,吹琴了……”这个孩子内心的光明也将我一下子照亮了。

“再吹一次,好吗?”

“好!”

……琴声慢慢地升了起来。

1、为什么在介绍男孩之前写“我”的上班路途等相关情况?

答:                                                                      

2、文章主要写了“我”与男孩相遇的几个镜头?请你为它们各拟一个小标题。

答:                                                                      

                                                                              

3、“但我们谁都没有说话。”为什么两人都选择默默聆听,默不作声呢?

答:                                                                      

                                                                              

4、 “让他知道,他的口琴是干净的,千万可别弄脏了它”有何弦外之音?

答:                                                                      

                                                                              

5、“他几乎是恳求的样子。”为什么会是如此神情呢?从中你读出了什么?

答:                                                                      

                                                                              

6、文中“这个孩子内心的光明也将我一下子照亮了”有何深刻含意?请以“我心中的吹口琴的男孩”为标题,用150字左右谈谈对他的印象。

答:                                                                      

                                                                              

                                                                              

                                                                              

问答题

Children in any society are expected to learn to conform to a number of social rules and expectations if they are to become participants in the culture. (46)Among the rules that children in our society are expected to learn are that certain classes of adults (such as teachers and doctors) are addressed by titles, that males and females use separate restroom facilities, and that women but not men wear dresses. These are examples of social conventions. In the absence of such a shared norm, the acts are neither right nor wrong. For this reason, conventions may be said to be arbitrary. For example, (47)we could just as easily have students address teachers by first names as have them call teachers by their last names and formal titles of Mr. or Ms.
Conventions, however, serve an important function by providing predictability and order to social life. (48)Without social conventions it would be impossible to organize social institutions such as schools, and societies as organized systems could not exist. The arbitrariness of conventions makes their importance difficult for children to figure out. (49) It is not until some time in adolescence that children come to fully understand the function that these arbitrary conventions serve to provide predictability and order to our social interactions.
In contrast with issues of convention are matters of morality. Morality refers to issues of human welfare, justice, and rights that are a function of the inherent features of interpersonal relations. Because of this, the right and wrong of moral actions are not simply determined by social consensus or the views of authority. For example, it is not possible to hit another person with force and not hurt the other person. Similarly, it is not possible to steal something valuable from someone else and not cause the person to experience the sense of loss. A moral judgment about unprovoked harm ( "It is wrong to hit") would not be dependent on the existence of a socially agreed upon rule or standard but could be generated solely from the intrinsic effects of the act (i.e., hitting hurts). (50)Similar analyses could be done regarding a broader range of issues that would extend beyond direct harm to concerns for what it means to be just, compassionate, and considerate of the rights of others.