问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下文,完成19—22题。

故乡在远方

张抗抗

  我总觉得自己是一个流浪者。

  几十年来,我漂泊不定、浪迹天涯。我走过田野,穿过城市,我到过许多许多地方。 19岁那年我离开了杭州城。水光潋滟、山色空濛的西子湖畔是我的出生地。离杭州100里水路的江南小镇洛舍是我的外婆家。

  然而,我只是杭州的一个过客,我的祖籍在广东新会。我长到30岁时,才同我的父母一起回过广东老家。老家有翡翠般的小河、密密的甘蔗林和神秘幽静的榕树岛,夕阳西下时,我看见大翅长脖的白鹳灰鹳急急盘旋回巢,巨大的榕树林遮天蔽日、鸟声嘤嘤。那就是闻名于世的小鸟天堂。

  但老家于我,却已无故园的感觉。没有一个人认识我,我也并不真正认识一个人。我甚至说不出一句完整地道的家乡方言。我和我早年离家的父亲,犹如被放逐的弃儿,在陌生的乡音里,茫然寻找辨别着这块土地残留给自己的根性。暑假寒假,坐小火轮去洛舍镇外婆家。镇东头有一座大石桥,夏天时许多光屁股的孩子从桥墩上往河里跳水,那小河连着烟波浩渺的洛舍洋。我曾经在桥下淘米,竹编的淘箩湿淋淋从水里拎起,珍珠般的白米上扑扑蹦跳着一条小鱼儿……

  而外婆早已过世了。外婆走时就带走了故乡。其实外婆外公也不是地道的浙江人氏。听说外婆的祖上是江苏丹阳人,不知何年移来德清洛舍。由此看来,外婆外公的祖籍也难以考证,我魂牵梦系的江南小镇,又何为我的故乡? //所以对于我从小出生长大的杭州城,便有了一种隐隐的隔膜和猜疑。自然,我喜欢西湖的柔和淡泊,喜欢植物园的绿草地和春天时香得醉人的含笑花,喜欢冬天时满山的翠竹和苍郁的香樟树……但它们只是我摇篮上的饰带和点缀,我欣赏它们赞美它们,但它们不屑于我。每次我回杭州探望父母,在嘈杂喧闹的街巷里,自己身上那种从遥远的异地带来的“生人味”,总使我觉得同这里的温馨和湿润格格不入……

  我究竟来自何方?

  更多的时候,我会凝神默想着那遥远的冰雪之地,想起笼罩在雾霭中的幽蓝色的小兴安岭群山。踏着没膝深的雪地进山去,灌木林里尚未封冻的山泉一路叮咚欢歌,偶有暖泉顺坡溢流,便把低洼地的塔头墩子水晶一般封存,可窥见冰层下碧玉般的青草。山里无风的日子,静谧的柞树林中轻轻慢慢地飘着小清雪,落在头巾上,不化,一会儿就披了亮晶晶的一肩,是雪女王送你的礼物。若闭上眼睛,能听见雪花亲吻树叶的声音。那是我21岁的生命中,第一次发现原来落雪有声,如桑蚕啜叶,婴童吮乳,声声有情。

  时还夹着山脚下传来的咔咔冰崩声……山林里的早晨宁静而妩媚,坡上的林梢一抹玫瑰红,淡紫色的炊烟缠绵缭绕,门前的白雪地上,又印上了夜里悄悄来过的不知名的小动物一条条丝带般的脚印儿,细细辨认,如梅花如柳梢亦如一个个问号,清晰又杂乱地蜿蜒于雪原,消失于密林深处……

  我19岁便离开了我的出生地杭州城,走向遥远而寒冷的北大荒。

  那时我曾日夜思念我的西湖,我的故园在温暖的南方。

  但现在我知道,我已没有了故乡。我们总是在走,一边走一边播撒着全世界都能生长的种子。我们随遇而安,落地生根;既来则定,四海为家。我们像一个新时代的游牧民族,一群永无归宿的流浪移民。也许我走过了太多的地方,我已有了太多的第二故乡。

  然而在城市闷热窒息的夏日里,我仍时时想起北方的原野,那融进了我们青春血汗的土地。那里的一切粗犷而质朴。20年的日月就把我这样一个纤弱的江南女子,磨砺得柔韧而坚实起来。以后的日子,我也许还会继续流浪,在这极大又极小的世界上,寻觅着、创造着自己精神的家园。

1.作者在写北大荒的生活前写了新会、洛舍、杭州这三个故乡,请概括说说作者眼中这几个故乡的共同特点。

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2.解释下列两句话在文中的含意。

(1)所以对于我从小出生长大的杭州城,便有了一种隐隐的隔膜和猜疑。

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(2)我究竟来自何方?

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3.为了表达对远方故乡的追寻,作者主要运用了怎样的表现手法?请结合本文内容简要分析。

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4.请你结合全文说说作者对“故乡在远方”有着怎样的认识。

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答案

1.这三个故乡的景色都是美丽,充满诗情画意的;但作者对这三个故乡的感受却是陌生的、茫然的,甚至有些隔膜。

2.(1)“‘我”同从小在那长大的杭州城的温馨和湿润格格不入,因此对故乡在哪里产生了疑问。

  (2)用疑问语气强烈表达出我对故乡的陌生感,引出下文追寻第二故乡一一精神家园的感悟。

3.运用了对比手法。作者将祖籍新会、洛舍和出生地杭州的景、物、人、事的美好与乡音的陌生、茫然、隔膜、格格不入的感受进行对比,同时又将这种感受与北大荒的景、物、人、事进行对比映衬,表现了作者从纤弱走向坚强和不断寻觅追求的过程。

4.作者所认识的故乡不仅是祖辈生活过的地方,还是自己曾经留下奋斗足迹的地方,更是自己在不断寻觅、创造着的能让人心灵安宁净化的精神家园,所以追求精神家园的脚步不会停止,更丰富的故乡——精神家园永远在远方。

(意思对即可)

填空题

Before you speak to any audience, you should learn as much about its members as possible. Only in that way can you best adapt the level of your language and the content of your talk to your listeners.

41. Speaking to someone you know well. ______

Where are you likely to speak Certainly, in this class you’ll give several talks, and since you know most, ff not all, of the students, you should face no major problems in adapting your approach to them. Another speaking possibility exists in your workplace.

A third speaking possibility exists in any organization (social, cultural, athletic, and so on ) that you belong to. You may be asked to speak at the next meeting or at the annual banquet. Here again, you know the people involved, their background, their education level, and their attitudes and that’s a tremendous advantage for you. Since we’re upbeat and positive in this course, we’ll assume that you’ve given successful talks under all three circumstances, and with this course under your belt, you can do it again. Since good speakers are hard to. find and word about them travels fast, suppose that one day you get an invitation to speak to an organization in which you don’t know a soul. What do you do now If you feel able to handle the topic you’re asked to speak on, accept this rare challenge. Here’s where audience analysis comes into play. Be sure to ask the person who invited you for information on the members, information that encompasses a broad spectrum, such as in the following areas.

42. How old are your listeners ______

43. Sex composition of your listeners. ______

44. Interest in topic.

45. Interests or hobbies of the listeners.

[A] If you’re invited to speak to a women’s or men’s organization, you know the answer to this question at once. Quite often, however, audiences are mixed fairly evenly, although at times one sex may predominate.

[B] Do members of your prospective audience spend evenings watching TV movies and drinking beer at a local tavern, or do they read the Harvard Classics and attend concerts of Beethoven and Mozart Do they play bingo and 21, or do they pursue the questions the intriguing intricacies of contract bridge and chess Answers to these questions can help you choose the most appropriate material and language for your audience. Your choices can be crucial in determining the success or failure of your presentation.

[C] Are the members recent college graduates, senior citizens, or business executives in midcareer Just remember, age exerts a powerful impact on people’s attitudes, values and motivations.

[D] For example, your department manager may ask you to explain and demonstrate a procedure to some fellow employee. Or she may select you to address your department on behalf of the local blood donor drive. In both speech situations--in class and on the job— you’re familiar with your audience; you speak their language; you have things in common with them.

[E] Are you aware of the educational background of your audience How many of them have doctoral degrees, master degrees or bachelor degrees This will decide what kind of language you should adopt and how much they can understand.

[F] Are the members of the organization interested in the topic or are they required to attend regardless of their interest If the latter is true, what types of material will most likely pique their curiosity

42

单项选择题