问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面文章.完成问题。

废墟

  我诅咒废墟,我又寄情废墟。

  废墟吞没了我的企盼,我的记忆,片片瓦砾散落在荒草之间,断残的石柱在夕阳下站立,书中的记载,童年的幻想,全在废墟中陨灭。昔日的光荣成了嘲弄,创业的祖辈在寒风中声声咆哮。

  但是,代代层累并不是历史。时间的力量,理应在大地上留下痕迹;岁月的巨轮,理应在车道间辗碎凹凸。没有废墟就无所谓昨天,没有昨天就无所谓今天和明天。废墟是课本,让我们把一门地理读成历史;废墟是过程,人生就是从旧的废墟出发,走向新的废墟。更新的营造以废墟为基地,因此废墟是起点。废墟是进化的长链。

  废墟表现出固执,活像一个残疾了的悲剧英雄。废墟昭示着沧桑,让人偷窥到民族步履的蹒跚。废墟是垂死老人发出的指令,使你不能不动容。

  废墟有一种形式美,把拔离大地的美转化为皈附大地的美。母亲微笑着怂恿过儿子们的创造,又微笑着收纳了这种创造,母亲怕儿子们过于劳累,怕世界上过于拥塞。看到过秋天的飘飘黄叶吗?母亲怕它们冷,收入怀抱,没有黄叶就没有秋天,废墟就是建筑的黄叶。

  人们说,黄叶的意义在于哺育春天。我说,黄叶本身也是美。

  一位朋友说,他最喜欢在疏星残月的夜间,在废墟间独行,或吟诗,或高唱,直到东方泛白。另一位朋友说,有了对晨曦的期待,这种夜游便失之于矫揉。他的习惯,是趁着残月的微光,找一条小路悄然走回。

  我只怕,人们把所有的废墟都统统刷新、修缮和重建。

  中国历来缺少废墟文化,废墟二字,在中文中让人心惊肉跳。

  或者是冬烘气十足地怀古,或者是实用主义地趋时。怀古者只想以古代今,趋时者只想以今灭古。结果,两相杀伐,两败俱伤,既斫伤了历史,又砍折了现代。鲜血淋淋,伤痕累累,偌大一个民族,前不见古人,后不见来者,念天地之悠悠,独怆然而涕下。

  在中国人心中留下一些空隙吧!让古代留几个脚印在现代,让现代心平气和地遏视着古代,废墟不值得羞愧,废墟不必要遮盖,我们太擅长遮盖。

  中国历史充满了悲剧,但中国人怕看真正的悲剧,最终都有一个大团圆。惟有屈原不想大团圆,杜甫不想大团圆,曹雪芹不想大团圆,孔尚任不想大团圆,鲁迅不想大团圆……他们保存了废墟,净化了悲剧,于是也就出现了一种真正深沉的文学。

  没有悲剧就没有悲壮,没有悲壮就没有崇高。雪峰是伟大的,因为满坡掩埋着登山者的遗体;大海是伟大的,因为处处漂浮着船楫的残骸;登月是伟大的,因为有“挑战者号”的陨落;人生是伟大的,因为有白发,有诀别,有无可奈何的失落。古希腊人傍海而居,无数向往彼岸的勇士在狂波间前赴后继,于是有了光耀百世的希腊悲剧。中国人若要变得大气,不能再把所有的废墟驱逐。

  废墟,辉映着现代人的自信。废墟,不会阻遏街市妨碍前进。

  现代人目光深邃,知道自己站在历史的第几级台阶。他不会妄想自己脚下是一座拔地而起的高台。因此,他乐于看看身前身后的所有台阶。只有在现代的喧嚣中,废墟的宁静才有力度;只有在现代人的沉思中,废墟才能上升为寓言。因此,古代废墟,实在是一种现代构建。现代,不仅仅是一截时间。现代是宽容,现代是气度,现代是辽阔,现代是浩瀚。

  我们,挟带着废墟走向现代。

1.下列对文章的理解,不恰当的两项是( )

A.作者梳理自己对废墟的复杂情感,冲淡了“诅咒”,深化了对废墟文化的理解。

B.“我”的朋友喜欢趁着残月的微光行吟于废墟间,以对晨曦的期待驱谴文人的矫揉。

C.“代代层累并不是历史”中的“层累”,指历代遗留的见证着失败与屈辱的废墟。

D.“以古代今”与“以今灭古”殊途同归,既亵渎了历史,又阻碍现实社会的前进。

E.从某种意义上说,现代文明发端于古代废墟;存留废墟,则是现代人文明的象征。

2.“时间的力量,理应在大地上留下痕迹;岁月的巨轮,理应在车道间辗碎凹凸。”请你说说作者写这句话的用意。

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3.填空。

(1)作者以“________”喻指废墟的价值,它告诫后人切莫忘记历史的经验教训。(本题填写的文字,必须从原文中摘录。)

(2)如果为废墟而羞愧,则往往会________的真面目,这正如在给真正的悲剧________。(本题填写的文字,不得出现“废墟”一词。)

4.结合《废墟》一文,谈谈你对古代废墟价值和存留废墟的主要看法。(谈看法,可分条陈述,有三条即可;你可以赞同作者的观点,但不必拘泥作者的观点。)

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答案

1.BC

2.要点:作者意在表明这样的观点——历史遗迹是社会发展进程中的产物,因此“新的废墟”的出现和“旧的废墟”的漫灭都是历史的必然。

3.(1)废墟是垂死老人发出的指令。

(2)掩盖历史;附缀一个大团圆的结局。

4.作答说明:本题具有一定的开放性。作者对古代废墟价值的认识是作答的重要依据。作者认为:

(1)废墟具有特殊的审美价值。

(2)废墟是历史片段的记录,具有研究价值。

(3)废墟可驱谴人们联想史实并从中汲取经验教训,具有教育价值。为此,作者提倡保全废墟的原貌,树立正确的废墟文化观念,使之对现代文明的发展产生积极的作用。

阅读理解

阅读理解

     The hippopotamus is, without doubt, one of the strangestlooking animals in the world.The ancient

Greeks named this large animal "hippopotamus, " which means "river horse." But hippos are not related

to horses.

     Found only in Africa, hippos come in two varieties.The small pygmy hippo lives in rain forests.And the

large common hippo lives mostly in grassland around rivers and lakes.

     The common hippo is the third largest land mammal in the world.It is lighter than the largest of the

white rhinos and the elephant, the heaviest land animal.The elephant is almost twice as heavy as the

common hippo.

      In the past, the hippo has been killed for meat, for sport, and for its tough skin.But today, in

preserves only, the common hippo has increased in number.The hippo has few predators(天敌) other

than lions and leopards that sometimes catch young hippos.There were many hippos killed by man during

the last half of the 19th century, when Africa was being explored and settled.And a great many hippos

and other animals were killed by poachers(偷猎者) during the fighting in Uganda in the 1970s.The hippo

is strong, though.It resists disease and has a long lifetime, living 20 to 40 years in the wild.

      Hippos spend most of their time in the water, only moving onto land at night to eat.By feeding at night, their skin is protected from the sun and the dry air that can cause a serious loss of moisture(水分).

      Because of its large body, the common hippo may appear awkward on land, but it can move very

fast and is considered by many to be the most dangerous animal in Africa.By spending their days in the

water and their nights on land, hippos make it difficult for scientists to study them, so there is still much to

be learned about hippos.The huge hippos, with their big mouths and tiny ears, have always fascinated

humans.As scientists learn more about them, they become even more fascinating.

1. We can learn from the passage that hippos ________.

A. have no connection with horses

B. can be found all over the world

C. are goodlooking animals

D. live mostly in rain forests

2. Which of the following may threaten the lives of hippos?

A. Rhinos.  

B. Water.

C. Lions.  

D. Elephants.

3. Why do hippos feed themselves at night?

A. It is cooler at night.

B. The air at night is fresher.

C. They try to avoid their predators.

D. The poachers don't come out at night.

4. Why is it difficult for scientists to study the hippo?

A. It can move fast.

B. Its number is decreasing.

C. It is the most dangerous animal.

D. It doesn't appear on land during the day.

单项选择题