问题 解答题

某同学把调查一农田生态系统作为研究性课题.把认真考察了西瓜从播种到收获的全过程,下面是他的部分调查内容及感想和疑问,请分析回答

(1)农民在播种前,先要浸种、催芽.1000Kg的干种子催芽后得到1300Kg发芽的种子,这一过程中种子内有机物的变化是______

(2)早春种子播种后,为保证苗全苗齐,瓜农一般都采用地膜覆盖措施,这是因为地膜覆盖能______.

(3)在西瓜生长过程中,瓜农适时采取了除草、治虫措施,目的是为了使该瓜田生态系统中的______集中地流向农作物;在西瓜开花期间,瓜农采取了______的措施,提高了授粉、受精率,保证了丰产丰收.

(4)在该农田生态系统中,影响西瓜生长的生物因素主要是______,非生物因素是______.

(5)农民伯伯说:“西瓜在生长期间需要无机盐.”请你利用下面提供的材料用具,设计一个实验方案予以证明.

材料用具:大小一样的两个试管、大小相同的西瓜幼苗、肥沃土壤浸出液、蒸馏水等.

方法步骤:______.

现象预测______.

答案

(1)植物体呼吸作用是吸收空气中的氧,将体内的有机物转化成二氧化碳和水,同时将有机物中的能量释放出来的过程.农民在播种前,先要浸种、催芽.1000Kg的干种子催芽后得到1300Kg发芽的种子,这一过程中种子内有机物的变化是减少  种子在发芽过程中进行呼吸作用消耗有机物.

(2)地膜覆盖栽培一般都能获得早熟增产的效果,其效应表现在增温,保温、保水、保持养分、增加光效和防除病虫害等几个方面.早春种子播种后,为保证苗全苗齐,瓜农一般都采用地膜覆盖措施,这是因为地膜覆盖能保证种子萌发需要的温度和水分.

(3)生态系统中的物质和能量会沿着食物链和食物网流动的;植物的果穗常有缺粒的或空瘪的,主要是由于传粉不足引起的,因此人们常常给植物进行人工辅助授粉帮助植物传粉、放养蜜蜂帮助植物传粉.在西瓜生长过程中,瓜农适时采取了除草、治虫措施,目的是为了使该瓜田生态系统中的物质和能量集中地流向农作物;在西瓜开花期间,瓜农采取了人工辅助受粉或在瓜田中放养蜜蜂的措施,提高了授粉、受精率,保证了丰产丰收.

(4)生态系统包括生物部分(植物---生产者;动物---消费者;细菌、真菌---分解者)和非生物部分(水、阳光、空气、土壤等).在该农田生态系统中,影响西瓜生长的生物因素主要是杂草、农业害虫,非生物因素是水、阳光、空气、温度等.

(5)设计实验“西瓜在生长期间需要无机盐.”

方法步骤:用大小一样的甲、乙两个试管,甲试管盛有肥沃土壤浸出液甲,乙试管盛有等量的蒸馏水,取两株大小相同的西瓜幼苗,分别将它们的根浸在两支试管的液体中.过一些日子,观察这两颗幼苗的长势和颜色.若一样,说明西瓜在生长期间不需要无机盐;若用肥沃土壤浸出液培养的西瓜幼苗,生长健壮颜色鲜绿;用蒸馏水培养的西瓜幼苗,生长瘦弱,颜色发黄.说明西瓜在生长期间需要无机盐.

现象预测:用肥沃土壤浸出液培养的西瓜幼苗,生长健壮颜色鲜绿;用蒸馏水培养的西瓜幼苗,生长瘦弱,颜色发黄.

故答案为:(1)减少,种子在发芽过程中进行呼吸作用消耗有机物;(2)保证种子萌发需要的温度和水分;(3)物质和能量; 人工辅助授粉或在瓜田中放养蜜蜂;(4)杂草、农业害虫;水、阳光、空气、温度等;(5)用大小一样的甲、乙两个试管,甲试管盛有肥沃土壤浸出液甲,乙试管盛有等量的蒸馏水,取两株大小相同的西瓜幼苗,分别将它们的根浸在两支试管的液体中. 过一些日子,观察这两颗幼苗的长势和颜色.若一样,说明西瓜在生长期间不需要无机盐;若用肥沃土壤浸出液培养的西瓜幼苗,生长健壮颜色鲜绿;用蒸馏水培养的西瓜幼苗,生长瘦弱,颜色发黄.说明西瓜在生长期间需要无机盐;用肥沃土壤浸出液培养的西瓜幼苗,生长健壮颜色鲜绿;用蒸馏水培养的西瓜幼苗,生长瘦弱,颜色发黄.

单项选择题
单项选择题

The amazing success of humans as a (91) is the result of the evolutionary development of our brains which has led, among other things, to tool-using, tool-making, the (92) to solve problems by logical reasoning, thoughtful cooperation, and language. One of the most striking ways in which chimpanzees biologically (93) humans (94) in structure of their brains. The chimpanzee, with the capacity for (95) reasoning, (96) a type of intelligence more like that of humans than (97) any other mammal living today. The brain of the modern chimpanzee is probably not too dissimilar (98) the brain that so many millions of years ago (99) the behavior of the first ape man.
For a long time, the fact that prehistoric people made (100) was considered to be one of the major (101) distinguishing them from other creatures. (102) pointed out earlier, I have watched chimpanzees (103) grass stems in order to use them to probe for termites. It is tree that the chimpanzee does not (104) tools to "a regular and set pattern"—but then, (105) people, before their development of stone tools, undoubtedly poked around (106) sticks, and straws, at which stage it seems (107) , that they made tools to a set pattern either.
It is because of the close (108) in most people’s minds of tools with humans (109) special attention has always been focused upon any animal able to use an object as a tool: but it is important to realize that this ability, on its own, does not necessarily indicate any special intelligence in the creature (110) .

A.ordered

B.led

C.showed

D.directed