问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成问题。

山村的墓碣

冯至

  德国和瑞士交界的一带是山谷和树林的世界,那里的居民多半是农民。虽然有铁路,有公路伸到他们的村庄里来,但是他们的视线还依然被些山岭所限制,不必提巴黎和柏林,就是他们附近的几个都市,和他们的距离也好像有几万里远。他们各自保持住自己服装,自己的方言,自己的习俗,自己的建筑方式。山上的松林有时稀疏,有时浓密,走进去,往往是几天也走不完。林径上行人稀少,但对面若是走来一个人,没有不向你点头致意的,仿佛是熟识的一般。每逢路径拐弯处,总少不了一块方方的指路碑,东西南北,指给你一些新鲜而又朴实的地名。有一次,我正对着一块指路碑,踌躇着,不知应该往哪里走,在碑旁草丛中又见到另外一块方石,向前仔细一看,却是一座墓碣,上边刻着:

  “一个过路人,不知为什么,

  走到这里就死了。

  一切过路人,从这里经过,

  请给他作个祈祷。”

  这四行简陋的诗句非常感动我,当时我真愿望我是一个基督徒,能够给这个不知名的死者作一次祈祷。但是我不能。小时候读过王阳明的瘗旅文,为了那死在瘴疠之乡,但既然同是过路人,便不自觉地起了无限的同情,觉得这个死者好像是自己的亲属,说得重一些,竟像是所有的行路人生命里的一部分。想到这里,这铭语中的后两行更语重情长了。

  由于这块墓碣,我便发生了一种从来不曾有过的兴趣:走路时总是常常注意路旁,会不会在这寂静的自然里再发现这一类的墓碣呢?人们说,事事不可强求,一强求,反而遇不到了。但有时也有偶然的机会,在你一个愿望因为不能达到而放弃了以后,使你有一个意想不到的收获。我在那些山村和山林里自然没 有再遇到第二座这样的墓碣,可是在我离 开了那里又回到一个繁华的城市时,一天我在一个旧书店里乱翻,不知不觉,有一个二寸长的小册子落到我的手里了。封面上写着:“山村的墓碣”打开一看,正是瑞士许多山村中的墓碣上的铭语,一个乡村牧师搜集的。

  欧洲城市附近的墓园往往是很好的散步场所,那里有鲜花,有短树,墓碑上有美丽的石刻,人们尽量把死点缀得十分幽静;但墓铭多半是千篇一律的,无非是“愿你在上帝那里得到永息”一类的话。可是这小册子里所搜集的则迥然不同,里边到处流露出农人的朴实与幽默,他们看死的降临是无法抵制的。因此于无可奈何中也就把死写得潇洒而轻松。我很便宜地买到这本小册子,茶余饭罢,常常读给朋友们听,朋友们听了,没有一个不诧异地问:“这是真的吗?”但是每个铭语下边都注明采集的地名。我现在还记得几段,其中有一段这样写着:

  “我生于波登湖畔,

  我死于肚子痛。”

  还有一个小学教师的:

  “我是一个乡村教员,

  鞭打了一辈子学童。”

  如今的人类正在大规模地死亡。在无数死者的坟墓前,有的刻上光荣的词句,有的被人们说是可鄙的死亡,有的无人理会。可是瑞士的山中仍旧保持着昔日的平静,我想,那里的农民们也许还在继续刻他们的别饶风趣的墓碣吧。有时我为了许多事,想到死的问题,在想得最严重时,很想再翻开那个小册子读一读,但它跟我许多心爱的书籍一样,沉埋在远远的北方的家乡…… 1943年,写于昆明

1.结合全文内容,概括文中“瑞士山村”的特点。

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2.请谈谈你对“一个过路人,不知为什么,走到这里就死了。一切过路人,从这里经过,请给他作个祈祷”这几句诗的理解。

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3.作者在最后一段表达了怎样的情感?请具体分析。

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4.本文语言平实、朴素,请联系文章具体内容简要赏析。

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答案

1.答案:①山村远离城市的喧嚣和纷争,环境幽静;②山村的人们朴质善良,保持着自己的生活特色。

2.答案:①表达了生者对飘然远逝的人们的一种虔敬;②象征了对路上的人生的体会,是人生的写实;③借墓碣诗表现出对人类共同命运的理解和同情。

3.答案:作者说人类正在大规模地死亡,小册子和“许多心爱的书籍一样,尘埋在远远的北方的家乡”,表现出了对当时战争的厌恶之情;面对战争带来的大量死亡,作者遥想着瑞士山村的宁静和山中农人们质朴幽默的墓碣诗,表现了作者对安宁朴素的生活的向往。(意对即可)

4.答案:文章用平平常常的叙述,平平静静的语气,通过对几则独特新异的墓志铭的介绍,反映了山村居民朴素自然的人生观念,也透射出作者朴素豁达的生死观和博大的同情心。文章在平凡事物中见崇高,在朴素文字中见永恒。

完形填空

阅读下面短文, 并根据短文后的要求答题(请注意问题后的字数要求)。

【1】 One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by selling goods door to door found that he only had one dime(10分硬币)left. He was hungry so he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.

【2】 However, he lost his courage when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?”

【3】 “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied. “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness. ” He said, “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” As Howard Kelly left that house, he not only felt stronger physically, but it also increased his faith in God and the human race. He was about to give up and quit before this point.

【4】Years later the young woman became critically ill. The local doctors were baffled. They finally sent her to the big city, where specialists can be called in to study her rare disease. Dr Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in for the consultation. When he heard the name of the town __________, a strange light filled his eyes. Immediately, he rose and went down through the hospital hall into her room.

【5】Dressed in his doctor’s gown he went in to see her. He recognized her at once. He went back to the consultation room and determined to do his best to save her life. From that day on, he gave special attention to her case.

【6】After a long struggle, the battle was won. Dr Kelly requested the business office to pass the final bill to him for approval. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to her room. She was afraid to open it because she was positive that it would take the rest of her life to pay it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words…

“Paid in full with a glass of milk”

(Signed) Dr Howard Kelly

【7】Tears of joy flooded her eyes as she prayed silently, “Thank you, God. Your love has spread through human hearts and hands. ”

小题1:What is the best title of the passage? (No more than 8 words. )

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小题2:When Dr. Howard Kelly heard the name of the town, what did he do?

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小题3:Please fill in the blank in the fourth paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.

(No more than 5 words. )

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小题4:When the young woman read the note, what was her feeling? (No more than 4 words. )

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小题5:What does the underlined word “it” (Sentence3, Paragraph 6) refer to?

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单项选择题 A1/A2型题