问题 选择题

下列有关AgCl沉淀的溶解平衡的说法正确的是

A.AgCl沉淀生成和沉淀溶解不断进行,但速率相等

B.AgCl难溶于水,溶液中没有Ag+和Cl-

C.升高温度,AgCl沉淀的溶解度减小

D.向AgCl沉淀中加入NaCl固体,AgCl沉淀的溶解程度不变

答案

答案:A

题目分析:A.AgCl沉淀生成和沉淀溶解不断进行,但速率相等 ,正确,是动态平衡;

B.AgCl难溶于水,溶液中没有Ag+和Cl-  错误,难容并不是不溶。

C.升高温度,AgCl沉淀的溶解度减小;升高温度,平衡会向吸热方向移动;溶解过程是吸热过程,所以,溶解度会增大;

D.向AgCl沉淀中加入NaCl固体,AgCl沉淀的溶解程度不变;会减小,是同离子效应;故选A。

点评:在一定温度下难溶电解质晶体与溶解在溶液中的离子之间存在溶解和结晶的平衡,称作多项离子平衡,也称为沉淀溶解平衡。

以AgCl为例,尽管AgCl在水中溶解度很小,但并不是完全不溶解。

从固体溶解平衡角度认识:AgCl在溶液中存在下属两个过程:

①在水分子作用下,少量Ag+和Cl-脱离AgCl表面溶入水中;

②溶液中的Ag+和Cl-受AgCl表面正负离子的吸引,回到AgCl表面,析出沉淀。

在一定温度下,当沉淀溶解和沉淀生成的速率相等时,得到AgCl的饱和溶液,即建立下列动态平衡:

AgCl(s) Ag+(aq)+ Cl-(aq)

溶解平衡的特点是动态平衡,即溶解速率等于结晶速率,且不等于零。

其平衡常数Ksp称为溶解平衡常数;它只是温度的函数,即一定温度下Ksp一定。

阅读理解

I had been rather proud of myself when my friends and family got the ticket,whether it was for speeding,parking or stop sign violations (违反).It was something that happened to others. But last Friday I joined the club.

I was asked to do a new project last week. On Friday morning on my way to work,I suddenly remembered that I had spent the past six weeks without considering that I had a week’s vacation planned during that time. I was very disappointed with myself for not remembering it. The fact  is that I was not paying enough attention to my driving and I did not come to a complete stop at the stop sign in front of a school. I was so distracted (思想不集中的)that I didn’t even notice I had a policeman on my tail with his lights flashing. Finally I looked in my mirror and caught on.

The policeman was rude and took my papers. Fortunately,I had everything up to date and since I had never had a ticket before,there was nothing for him to do but write me a ticket. While I was sitting there in the seat of “shame”,I felt bad. If I had been that distracted and a child had run onto the road,perhaps I would have not reacted as well as I could have. It was a wake-up call.

People at work asked me if I tried to talk my way out of it. Frankly,it never occurred to me. I felt guilty. Now I no longer have a clean driving record. Please be careful out there,as a moment’s distraction can lead to tragedy.

小题1:What is this passage mainly about?

A.The writer’s most unforgettable experience.

B.How the writer got her first ticket.

C.An accident caused by the writer.

D.Why the writer is always so careful.小题2:We can infer that the underlined part “the club” in Paragraph 1 here refers to ________.

A.people who are crazy about driving cars

B.a club for drivers without much experience

C.people who get tickets for breaking traffic rules

D.a club for people to talk about their driving stories小题3:What made the writer unable to focus on her driving?

A.Planning how to spend the vacation.

B.Thinking of the forgotten vacation.

C.Thinking about her work.

D.Missing her children.小题4:From the experience,the writer has probably learnt ________.

A.what is really important to her

B.how to deal with policemen

C.to enjoy the small things in life

D.to be much more careful

多项选择题