问题 填空题

小明同学帮母亲买回一些日常用品①铁;②白酒;③含碘食盐;④纯净水。这些日常用品属于单质的是 ________;氧化物的是________;属于混合物是________和_________。(填序号)

答案

① ;④ ;②和③

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读《中国石拱桥》两段文字,完成后面的题目。

(A)赵州桥非常雄伟,全长50.82米,两端宽9.6咪,中部略窄,宽9米。桥的设计完全合乎科学原理,施工技术更是巧妙绝伦。唐朝的张嘉贞说它“制造奇特,人不知其所以为”。这座桥的特点是:(一)全桥只有一个大拱,长达37.4米,在当时可算是世界上最长的石拱。桥洞不是普通半圆形,而是像一张弓,因而大拱上面的道路没有陡坡,便于车马上下。(二)大拱的两肩上,各有两个小拱。这个创造性的设计,不但节约了石料,减轻了桥身的重量,而且在河水暴涨的时候,还可以增加桥洞的过水量,减轻洪水对桥身的冲击。同时拱上加拱,桥身也更美观。(三)大拱由28道拱圈拼成,就像这么多同样形状的弓合拢在一起,做成一个弧形的桥洞。每道拱圈都能独立支撑上面的重量,一道坏了,其他各道不致受到影响。(四)全桥结构匀称,和四周景色配合得十分和谐;就连桥上的石栏石板也雕刻得古朴美观。唐朝的张鷟说,远望这座桥就像“初月出去,长虹饮涧”。赵州桥高度的技术水平和不朽的艺术价值,充分显示了我国劳动人民的智慧和力量。桥的主要设计者李春就是一位杰出的工匠,在桥头的碑文里还刻着他的名字。

(B)①永定河上的卢沟桥,修建于公元1189到1192年间。②桥长265米,由11个半圆形的石拱组成,每个石拱长度不一,自16米到21.6米。③桥宽约8米,路面平坦,几乎与河面平行。④每两个石拱之间有石砌桥墩,把11个石拱联成一个整体。⑤由于各拱相联,这种桥叫做联拱石桥。⑥永定河发水时,来势很猛,以前两岸河堤常被冲毁,但是这座桥从没出过事,足见它的坚固。⑦桥面用石板铺砌,两旁有石栏石柱。⑧每个柱头上都雕刻着不同姿态的狮子。⑨这些石刻狮子,有的母子相抱,有的交头接耳,有的像倾听水声,千态万状,惟妙惟肖。

小题1:能正确概括A段文字的大意的一项是(  )

A.说明赵州桥非常雄伟。

B.说明赵州桥的设计完全合乎科学原理,施工技术更是巧妙绝伦。

C.说明赵州桥结构的特点:结构巧,用料省,强度高,形式美。

D.说明赵州桥高度的技术水平和不朽的艺术价值,充分显示了我国劳动人民的智慧和力量。小题2:“这个创造性的设计”一句中的“设计”是指()

A.赵州桥

B.两端宽、中间窄

C.大拱的两肩上,各有两个小拱

D.大拱小题3:B段文字共九句话,可划分为几个层次,从下列四种划法中选出一种正确的,将它的字母填入括号内。( )

A.①‖②③④‖⑤⑥⑦‖⑧⑨

B.①‖②③④⑤⑥‖⑦⑧⑨

C.①②③‖④⑤⑥‖⑦⑧‖⑨

D.①②③④‖⑤ ‖ ⑥‖⑦⑧⑨小题4:下列理解与表述,不恰当的一项是(   )

A.选段说明了卢沟桥的特点:历史悠久、结构坚固、形式优美。

B.B段中第9句从修辞上看是排比、拟人,其作用是生动形象的说明了卢沟桥形式的优美。

C.“永定河发水时,来势很猛,以前两岸河堤常被冲毁,但是这座桥却极少出事,足见它的坚固。”此句运用了作比较、举例子的说明方法,说明了卢沟桥的坚固。

D.这些石刻狮子,有的母子相抱,有的交头接耳,有的像倾听水声,千态万状,惟妙惟肖。 此句运用了分类别的说明方法介绍了卢沟桥上狮子多种多样的特点。

阅读理解

Games originally are entertainment. Contemporary games are very realistic and for this reason they are a source of great experience for the player and develop the imagination. Games are entertainment and even more than that. The statistics (统计) of the New York University led by Green claim that the player preferring active games get improvement of some types of brain activity. In particular, game players deal with problems of simultaneously (同时地) tracking several moving objects at the average level of 30% better than people who do not play active computer video games. The “gaming” violent experience may not be the cause of violent behavior in reality. None of the playing experience will become the priority in making important decisions concerning problems in real life. A game is an abstraction (虚拟物). A player gets abstract tasks and acts according to abstract rules.

Games are also the possibility to be however a person wants to he and to rest from the outside world for some time. But what if a person gets so much excited with the game scenes that he becomes violent in reality? Then, it proves that the games cause people to become violent in reality. But a psychologically healthy person will never confuse these two different worlds. A game is virtual world with visual images very similar to human. These images represent by themselves nothing but playing obstacles (障碍). A game may potentially give the opportunity to “destroy the obstacles” that may not be destroyed according to the rules but it is more about personal choice whether to do it or not. This leads us to the conclusion that violence is not a consequence but the cause. People who are originally trended to violence may get into a temper by games and perform violence in the “real world”. But in this case violence in games is a simple justification 理由) of the violent nature of the player.

49.The passage is          .

A.a story                                            B.a descriptive writing

C.an argumentative writing          D.a scientific essay

50.In the first paragraph the author used the statistics to prove that         .

A.games can provide experience for the players

B.games can help develop player’s imagination

C.games can cause violent behavior

D.game are more than entertainment

51.What is the author’s attitude towards the “computer games”?[

A.“Violent games” can lead to the performance of violence in the real world.

B.Violence is not a consequence of the “computer games” but the cause.

C.Games are just entertainment and nothing more.

D.The virtual world and the real world are just the same.

52.The best title for this passage is         .

A.Violent games cause violence   B.Games: good or bad?

C.The cause of violence         D.The consequence of games