问题 问答题

简述货币政策与财政政策的协调配合。

答案

参考答案:

解析:(1)货币政策与财政政策协调运用的必要性 货币政策与财政政策都是当代各国政府调节宏观经济最主要的两种政策,它们都有较强的调节能力,但也都有自己的局限。仅靠某一项政策很难全面实现宏观经济的管理目标,所以需要两者相互协调、密切配合,充分发挥它们的综合优势。 货币政策与财政政策协调运用的必要性,是由财政和银行相互之间的经济联系及两大政策对总需求的不同调节功能决定的。①银行与财政在资金往来和对再生产过程的资金供给等方面存在不可分割的内声联系,这就决定了财政政策和货币政策必须作为统一的整体发挥作用。②货币政策与财政政策对总需求的影响具有互补性,这就要求两大政策协调运用才能确定预期效果。③货币政策与财政政策作用经济的方式和层面不同,这就要求两者配合以提高宏观调控的有效性和全面性。 (2)货币政策与财政政策的组合方式 财政政策和货币政策均有松和紧两种方式,因而财政政策和货币政策的组合方式就有四种形式: ①松的财政政策和松的货币政策配合。这种配套产生的政策效应是财政和银行都向社会注入货币,使社会的总需求在短时间内迅速得到扩展,对经济活动具有强烈的刺激作用。但是,运用这种配合要在一定条件下才是可取的,即只有在经济中存在大量尚未被利用的资源时才可采用。如果没有足够的闲置资源,那将会导致通货膨胀的后果。 ②紧的财政政策和紧的货币政策配合。在这种政策配套下,货币当局加强回收贷款,压缩新贷款,紧缩银根,压缩社会总需求;财政部则压缩财政支出,增加其在中央银行的存款,减少社会货币量。这种双重压缩,会使社会上的货币供应量明显减少,社会总需求得以迅速收缩。这种政策能有效刹住恶性通货膨胀,但要付出经济萎缩的代价。 ③紧的财政政策和松的货币政策配合。这种配套中,财政收支严加控制,年度收支保持平衡,甚至有盈余;银行则根据经济发展需要,采取适当放松的货币政策。这种政策配套适合于在财政赤字较大,而经济处于萎缩的状态时采用。 ④松的财政政策和紧的货币政策配合。在这种配合中,银行严格控制货币供应量,同时国家可动用历年结余,也可用赤字办法来适当扩大支出。这种配套适合于在经济比较繁荣,而投资支出不足时采用。

单项选择题
完形填空

Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph.  There is one extra heading which you do not need.

小题1:

The causes of eating disorders are not clear. There may be genetic or biochemical factors in some cases. There may be psychological problems from early childhood or the present (such as school or family conflicts) that trigger the problem. Often, there is the double pressure to enjoy life through food and yet remain ultra-slim. Society all around us encourages eating and drinking as main ways to enjoy life- To be popular, you are supposed to eat. eat, eat

小题2:

But in real life most people, if they keep consuming like that, just keep pulling on more and more weight They then find themselves in conflict with another dominant pressure in society — to stay slim and trim. Models in ads, even those shown earing fairy foods, are usually physically lit and quite thin. All of these pressures put teens in a terrible situation. The ".solution" that some teens choose is to deny themselves all the time so as to keep temptation away. Bui soon, hunger and food boredom lead to overeating. Over time they develop anorexia or bulirnia.

小题3:

Once an earing disorder has become firmly established, there is no easy cure. Someone who's never suffered anorexia and never known an anorexic might be tempted to think. "It's simple — jusi tell them to eat more!" Unfortunately, it's not thai simple. Even when anorexics have been brought into the hospital and arc receiving physical care, nutritional therapy, and psychiatric care, many don't improve much.

小题4:

Our society's obsession with thinness, together with a constant emphasis on the theme that rich food means pleasure, puts many teens in a difficult situation. Being drawn to overeating on the one hand and self-denial on the other can bring about anorexia or bulimia — or both. Anorexics seem to feel that no matter how much weight they lose, they are still too fat Therefore, it is important for each person in our society to try to maintain a healthy and realistic self-image. Don't compare yourself wiih the models and actors in the media Set your sights more realistically by comparing yourself with family and friends, if anyone.

小题5:

Self-denial is the typical first step toward an caring disorder. Eventually, desires for what you've denied yourself become unbearable, and you react with eiiher a binge or overly fierce self-control. The answer is not of course. 10 eai all the snacks and trcais you fancy. But 10 avoid that first step that leads to overeating, strive for a good and healthy diet Such a diet is based primarily on grain products, fruits, and vegetables, with moderate amounts of meat and dairy products and with small amounts of snacks and desserts. Research demonstrates that mis kind of diet leaves you more alert and energetic.