希罗多德评论道：“有许多其他例子，都明白地显示出：自由是最美好的东西，因为即使雅典人，当他们仍处于专制统治下时，也许也不比他们的邻邦更为英勇，但一旦挣脱了桎梏，他们即绝对成为个中翘楚。”下列各项中与雅典人自由精神形成有关的是
①雅典民主制度 ②小国寡民的城邦体制 ③公民大会 ④《十二铜表法》
A．②③④
B．①③④
C．①②④
D．①②③
答案：D
题目分析：《十二铜表法》这是迄今所知古罗马最古老的法律文献和最早的成文法，这与雅典人自由精神形成无关。故答案选择D项。
点评：关于罗马法，高考的考查主要集中在：（1）高考这之所以重视对罗马法的考查，主要原因在于当代法律深受罗马法的影响，高考试题重视罗马法对当代法律仍然有巨大影响的基本原则的考查。（2）罗马法有一个不断发展完善的过程，不同阶段有不同的特点，高考试题重视对罗马法阶段特征的考查。
任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题l分，满分l0分） 请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。 Communication Principles How you see yourself can make a great difference in how you communicate．“Every individual exists in a continually changing world of experience of which he（or she）is the center”．Many communication scholars and social scientists believe that people are products of how others treat them and of the messages others send them．But every day we experience the centrality of our selves in communication．A student．for instance，may describe a conflict with a teacher as unfair treatment：“I know my teacher doesn’t like the fact that I don’t agree with his opinions．and that’s why he gave me such a poor grade in that class．”The teacher might say the opposite．Each person may believe that he is correct and that the other person’s view is wrong． The concept of serf originates in communication．Through verbal and nonverbal symbols, a child learns to accept roles in response to the expectations of others．You establish self-image。The sort of person you believe you are，by how others think of you．Positive，negative，and neutral messages that you receive from others all play a role in determining who you are．Communication itself is probably best understood as a dialogue process．Our understanding of communication comes from our interactions with other people．In a more obvious way．communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to share．So，the communication begins with the self，as defined largely by others，and involves others，as defined largely by the self． Communication Occurs almost every minute of your life．If you are not communicating with yourself（thinking，planning，reacting to the world around you），you are observing others and drawing inferences from their behavior．Even if the other person did not intend a message for you．you gather observations and draw specific conclusions．A person yawns and you believe that person is bored with your message．A second person looks away from you and you conclude that person is not listening to you．A third person smiles（perhaps because of a memory of a joke he heard recently） and you believe that he is attracted to you．We are continually picking up meanings from others’ behaviors and we are constantly providing behaviors that have communicative value for them． More often than not，you may have hurt someone accidentally and you may have tried to explain that you did not mean that. You may have told the other person that you were sorry for your statement．You may have made a joke out of your rude statement．Nonetheless，your comment remains both in the mind of the other person and in your own mind．You cannot go back in time and erase your messages to others．Communication cannot be reversed（倒退），nor can it be repeated．When you tried to re—create the atmosphere，the conversation，and the setting，nothing seemed right．Your second experience with a similar setting and person made far different results．
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