问题 解答题

法国科学家______设计了“鹅曲颈瓶”实验,证明了肉汤的腐败是来自空气中的细菌造成的,后人称他为______.

答案

巴斯德将营养液(如肉汤)装入带有弯曲细管的瓶中,弯管是开口的,空气可无阻地进入瓶中(这就使哪些认为Spallanzani的实验使空气变坏的人无话可说),而空气中的微生物则被阻而沉积于弯管底部,不能进入瓶中.巴斯德将瓶中液体煮沸,使液体中的微生物全被杀死,然后放冷静置,结果瓶中不发生微生物.此时如将曲颈管打断,使外界空气不经“沉淀处理”而直接进入营养液中,不久营养液中就出现微生物了.可见微生物不是从营养液中自然发生的,而是来自空气中原已存在的微生物(孢子).1864年7月14日巴斯德在法国国家科学院报告了他的工作.原定和他辩论的有名的自然发生论者F.A.Pouchet撤销了辩论.“生命来自生命”,即生源论(Biogenesis)取得了胜利.证实了细菌不是自然发生的,而是由原来已经存在细菌产生的.后人称他为“微生物之父”.“鹅曲颈瓶”实验如图:

故答案为:巴斯德;“微生物之父”.

阅读理解

My father came to the United States as a Ukrainian immigrant (移民) when he was 14 years old. Unable to speak English but willing to do anything to succeed, he learned the language, became a barber, and opened up his own business in a small town. He put my sister and me through college during a time when most people thought that women didn’t need an education and that they should be satisfied with getting married and having children. He gave us values and ambition. But this story didn’t really start until my father was 60 years old.

I was preparing to get married and my father was attempting to practice the polke, a must at any Ukrainian wedding. But he just couldn’t do it! He had lost mobility in his leg and was diagnosed with a brain tumor (肿瘤). After surgery, this energetic, hard-working man was forced to retire as a result of significant paralysis (瘫痪) in his right arm and leg. My dad had always worked two jobs and spent his spare time working around the house. Now that kind of life came to a sudden stop. Yet never once did he complain. He bought rubber balls and spent his days trying to regain his hand mobility by squeezing those balls over and over.

After his last operation, he chatted with me pleasantly in the hospital room until a nurse flew into the room, waving her finger at me, and yelling, “You’d better tell your father to stay in bed. He is paralyzed and will never walk again. He needs to stop trying to get out of bed and accept the fact that he can’t walk now or ever. I am sick of picking him up and you’d better warn him to stay put!” My father smiled. He spent a great deal of time on the floor that year, but he eventually got up and walked.

My father lived nineteen more years after that operation. He bought himself a motor scooter (小型摩托车) and spent years zipping around the streets of Philadelphia. He was proud, free, and always smiling.

小题1: In what way was the author’s father different from most other people in his times?

A.He succeeded in migrating to the U.S.

B.He learned the new language easily and quickly.

C.He achieved his life goal by working as a barber.

D.He had his daughters educated.小题2: The underlined word “polke” in Paragraph 2 probably refers to        .

A.a song

B.a dance

C.a musical instrument

D.a tool for painting小题3:The author’s father used the rubber balls to         .

A.kill his too much spare time

B.relieve himself from work pressure

C.get his hand’s function back

D.recover from his operation小题4: Which of the following can be used to describe the author’s father?

A.Perfect.

B.Strong-minded.

C.Creative.

D.Impractical.小题5: What can we learn from the text?

A.Love can do wonders.

B.Failure is the mother of success.

C.A father’s love is most valuable.

D.Never give up on your life.

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