问题 完形填空

You can’t always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belvacv doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather report before heading out should result in you getting wet. To protect people from the rain, he created lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain sensing umbrella.

The designer says he comes up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. “Once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be all right to have a canopy(伞蓬)built into a street lamp.” he said.

The lampbrella is a street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella in need. Sensors(传感器)then make sure that the umbrella offers the walkers whenever it starts raining.

In addition to the rain sensor, there’s also a 360° motion sensor on the street lamp which finds out whether anyone’s using the lampbrella. After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.

According to the designer, the lampbrella would move at a low speed, so as not to cause harm to the walkers. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike. Each lampbrella would offer enough protection for several people. Being fixed at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of walkers.

While there are no plans to take lampbrella into production, Belyacv says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department, and insists this creation could be fixed on my street where a lot of people walk.

小题1:Who designed lampbrella?

小题2:Why did Belyacv create lampbrella?

小题3:How soon is the the canopy closed if it’s not being used?

小题4:Would each lampbrella offer enough protection for only one person or several people?

小题5:What is the main idea of the passage?

答案

小题1:Mikhail Belvacv

小题2:To protect people from the rain.

小题3:After three minutes.

小题4:For several people.

小题5:Why Belvacv creates the lampbrella and how the lampbrella works.

题目分析:路上行走突然下雨人们会为没有带雨伞而苦恼,现在一位发明家 Mikhail Belvacv有了新的发明,那就是在灯柱下安一个雨伞,短文介绍了这个新发明的用途与如何使用的方法。发后人们出行不会为没有带雨伞而遇到雨天而烦恼了。

小题1:细节理解题。 Who designed lampbrella?句意:谁设计的“路灯雨伞。原句designer Mikhail Belvacv发明者体现答案。 Mikhail Belvacv

小题2:细节理解题。 Why did Belyacv create lampbrella?句意:为什么belyacv创建“路灯雨伞”?

To protect people from the rain, he created lampbrella句意:保护人们免受雨水,他创造了“路灯雨伞”

故填:To protect people from the rain.

小题3: 细节理解题。How soon is the the canopy closed if it’s not being used? 句意:如果不被使用多久能封闭?原句After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed. 句意:三分钟后,未被使用的树冠关闭。故填:After three minutes.

小题4: 细节理解题。 Would each lampbrella offer enough protection for only one person or several people? 句意:将每个“路灯雨伞”提供足够的保护只是一个人或几个人?

原句:Each lampbrella would offer enough protection for several people.每个“路灯雨伞”将提供几个人足够的保护。故填:For several people.

小题5: 细节理解题。 What is the main idea of the passage?句意:这篇文章的中心思想是什么?

在通读短文之后明了两件事一个为什么发明和如何让这个发明工作。故填: Why Belvacv creates the lampbrella and how the lampbrella works.

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面文段,完成问题。

读书养气

  ①说读书是为了升学,为了获取知识,为了提高修养,为了改变命运,为了做官,为了就业,为了成名成家,为了报效祖国,等等,均无不可。但我觉得,最根本的一条是:读书可以养气。

  ②人有三宝精气神,腹有诗书气自华。读不同的书,可以养不同的气。豪气,灵气,平和之气,浩然正气,可以养也;邪气,戾气,酸腐之气,阴阳怪气,亦可养也。读书于人,就像吃饭喝水一样不可或缺,我们可以从书中汲取无尽的精神力量——不,汲取气,汲取一种激荡在我们的血管,充盈于我们的周身,又从我们的每一个毛孔里散发出来的气。同时,读书也要像吃饭那样,吃各种蔬果和五谷杂粮,摄取多种营养——阅读各式各样的书,汲取各种各样的气,以避免先天不足,后天失调。不过,血气方刚的少男少女,不仅要杂学旁收,大量读书,还要有目标,有选择地读书,吸取精华,剔除糟粕,读天下好书,养人间正气。就像孟夫子说的那样:吾善养吾浩然之气也!

  ③如果说读书是养气,是输入,那么写作则是释放,是输出。作者把气注入文章,读者又通过读书,感受到文章的气,吸收了文章的气。你我常说的“回肠荡气”,不正是说一种读书的经验,不就是说文气在我们的胸腹之间流转激荡吗?是什么样的人,读了什么样的书,便会写出什么样的文章来。气不同,文章的味道就不同,形成的风格也就大不相同。所谓韩如潮、苏如海、柳如泉、欧如澜,便是韩柳欧苏四大文豪的禀赋、气质、学养之差异,贯透于文章中的具体表现。

  ④曹丕说“文以气为主”。韩愈也强调“气盛言宜”——就是说,写文章的人,只要气足了,想怎么写就怎么写。所谓“气”者,分为两个层面,先天为禀赋(本气),后天为学养(养气)。自身气弱的人,器小力薄,容易被书拿住,故世上多有食书不化的“两脚书橱”。而自身气足的人,不仅读书可以养气,而且善于融会,善于吐纳,作文时自然就会“天机云锦用在我,剪裁妙处非刀尺”也。正因如此,“野孩子”们的身上虽有侠气、野气和不驯之气,可是经过书卷气的浸染,其笔下之文,便多有杀气、霸气和蓬勃之气,别有手眼,异光灿烂,爽!

  ⑤人虽有先天的禀赋、气质上的差异,然而读书可以养气,则是共同的,也是共通的。庄子在《逍遥游》中说过,水之积也不厚,则其负大舟也无力;风之积也不厚,则其负大翼也无力。读书不足,养气不够,写起文章来只有出的气,没有入的气,就像游泳的人不会换气,用不了半个时辰,便三魂荡荡,七魄悠悠,蹬小腿儿翻白眼儿,简直像个垂死挣扎的瘪三。真正的文章好手,必然读书多,养气厚,厚积而薄发。那手笔,真叫个:斯须九重真龙出,一洗万古凡马空!

1.选文论述的观点是______________________________。

2.选文①段中,作者指出了读书的多种目的,且认为“均无不可”。在这几种读书目的中,你觉得哪一种最适合我们中学生?请简述理由。

读书的目的最适合我们中学生的一种是_________________________

简述理由___________________________________________________

3.第③段列举韩柳欧苏四大文豪的例子,其目的是什么?

___________________________________________________________

4.第⑤段“厚积而薄发”中“厚积”指的是__________,“薄发”指的是_________。

5.下面是几则关于读书的名言,如果要在本文中引用,可以选择哪两项?并说说理由。

①读书,这个我们习以为常的平凡过程,实际上是人的心灵和古今一切民族的伟大智慧相结合的过程。(高尔基)

②学而不思则罔,死而不学则殆。(孔子)

③任何一个有学问的人,在他的一生中都阅读过大量的书。(列宁)

④读过一本好书,像交了一位益友。(臧克家)

选择:____________________________________________________

理由:____________________________________________________

6.“读书可以养气”,“读不同的书可以养不同的气”,结合你课外阅读的感受,谈谈我们应该怎样对待生活中林林总总的书。

__________________________________________________________

单项选择题