问题 实验题

在“探究物体的动能与哪些因素有关”实验时,小明让大小不同的实心钢球从同一斜面上相同的高度处由静止滚下,在水平面上运动并推动木块移动,如图甲所示。

(1)实验中,大小不同的钢球在水平面上推动木块移动的距离          (填“相同”或“不同”)。比较实验现象,可以推理出动能较小的是           的钢球。

(2)小明选用大小不同钢球从同一斜面的同一高度由静止滚下,是为了探究动能大小与

         的关系。

(3)实验时,若让同一钢球从斜面相同高度处滚下,推动木块在粗糙程度不同的水平面上移动,小明发现水平面越光滑,木块移动的距离越       (填:“远”或“近”);若水平面绝对光滑,木块将           

(4)同班的小红同学,发现木块移动的距离没有其他同学的明显,认为是木块太重的原因造成。为了验证猜测,小红设计了“探究滑动摩擦力与压力大小关系”的方案,如图乙所示,当接触面粗糙程度不变,通过实验得到了表格中的相关数据,请帮小红分析,此次试验中,滑动摩擦力的大小与压力之间的表达式为:                 。

答案

(1)不同;质量小(2)质量(3)远;做匀速直线运动(4)f=0.3F

题目分析:(1)大小不同的实心钢球从同一斜面上相同的高度处由静止滚下,钢球获得的动能不同,推动木块移动的距离也就不同。在速度相同的情况下,动能较小的是质量较小的钢球。

(2)选用大小不同钢球从同一斜面的同一高度由静止滚下,控制钢球到达水平面的初速度相同,是为了研究动能与质量的关系。

(3)让同一钢球从斜面相同高度处滚下,如果水平面越光滑,木块受到的摩擦力越小,它移动的距离越远。若水平面绝对光滑,木块将做匀速直线运动。

(4)分析表格中的数据发现,滑动摩擦力与压力成正比,且f=0.3F

阅读理解

Every year students flock to the college bookstore to purchase the different textbooks that they need for their classes. Little do these students realize that, in doing so, they are throwing good money away. It may sound unbelievable but textbooks, in some cases, actually cost as much as, if not more, than college fees.

Many people think that college bookstore are the most convenient source for textbooks. Titles are usually in-stock and students may purchase new textbooks or  choose to buy second-hand books and save money . But the money saved by purchasing second-hand textbooks from college bookstores is small compared to the amount they could save by shopping online.

More and more online booksellers have begun selling textbooks at heavily discounted prices. Online second-hand bookstores are another source for college books as they stock a large number of textbooks, which means sizable savings for students. Students should avoid purchasing their textbooks at the first store that they browse online since there are so many ‘virtual’ booksellers on the Net. Price isn't the only factor to consider when making an online purchase. Students should also consider shipping costs and delivery time when making their decision.

Online auctions(拍卖) are another option for students seeking a bargain. This option, however, has its pros and cons. A plus is that students can get incredibly cheap books. One problem is that while online bookstores have a system in place that ensure  you receive your order within a reasonable amount of time, with an auction purchase, however, you  must depend on the auction seller's timetable.

One way that students can really save is by getting books for free. Project Gutenberg is one resource that English majors will find invaluable. Here students can legally download a huge collection of classic novels. In the past students needing help with their studies would often have to spend a lot of money buying expensive study guides. Today that is no longer the case. Cash-strapped students can now visit the website SparkNotes for free downloadable study guides as well as classics.

56. Which of the following is the best title of this passage?

A. Learning to save money on Textbooks           B. Why Buy Textbooks

C. Tips for Buying Secondhand Textbooks          D. Online Shopping

57. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a source to obtain textbooks ?

A. Online used bookstores.              B. College bookstores. 

C. Online auctions.                    D. Secondhand bookstore centres.

58. The underlined expression ‘pros and cons’(paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to __________.

A. professionals and conservatives         B. processes and conditions

C. joy and sadness                      D. good and bad points

59. According to the passage, Project Gutenberg is probably __________.

A. a project to help poor students get free learning materials

B. a government project aimed at helping English majors

C. a website for English majors to get the guides from language experts

D. a website for students to get free sources for English learning

60. From the passage, we can learn that__________.

A. online auctions are perfect for students seeking text books.

B. students should visit many websites before buying their books.

C. the cost of textbooks in college is low compared to the amount spent on tuition

D. students should consider shopping costs and delivery time above all else when making their buying decision.

单项选择题