问题 材料题

1912年4月,孙中山向参议院辞去临时大总统的职务……1913年7月,孙中山再次举起斗争大旗,组织发动讨袁的“二次革命” ……1783年12月,华盛顿向大陆会议辞去了他所有的公职,回家务农……1786年,华盛顿响应国家号召再度出山,主持了1787年的制宪会议……

请回答:

(1)孙中山和华盛顿放弃手中权力的共同原因是什么?二人后来又都选择了复出,其原因分别是什么?

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(2)两人的“放手”和“复出”都是为了圆心中的一个梦,这“梦”的结果如何?为什么?

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答案

(1)放弃权力的原因:维护革命成果,防止权力集中出现专制。原因:①随着袁世凯的倒行逆施,称帝活动猖獗,孙中山为了维护共和政体,依然复出投身革命。②由于邦联政府的松散,年轻的美国面临着严重的危机,各阶层人民需要强有力的政府来保障其利益,华盛顿的复出就是为了制定一部共和国宪法,保障资本主义政治和经济的健康发展。

(2)结果:①孙中山领导的“二次革命”失败,没有真正使中国实现民主共和。其原因是国民党力量涣散以及帝国主义和封建势力相勾结,反动势力强大。②华盛顿领导制定了1787年宪法,美国逐步走上民主、富强的建设之路。其原因是美国通过独立战争,摆脱了英国的殖民统治,取得了完全的独立。

单项选择题
问答题

When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving "to pursue my goal of running a company. " Broadcasting his ambition was "very much my decision," McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.
McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No. 2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.
As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.
The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Kom/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: "I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first. "
Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Cifigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.
Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. "The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted," says one headhunter. "The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long. \