问题 材料题

1912年4月,孙中山向参议院辞去临时大总统的职务……1913年7月,孙中山再次举起斗争大旗,组织发动讨袁的“二次革命” ……1783年12月,华盛顿向大陆会议辞去了他所有的公职,回家务农……1786年,华盛顿响应国家号召再度出山,主持了1787年的制宪会议……

请回答:

(1)孙中山和华盛顿放弃手中权力的共同原因是什么?二人后来又都选择了复出,其原因分别是什么?

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(2)两人的“放手”和“复出”都是为了圆心中的一个梦,这“梦”的结果如何?为什么?

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答案

(1)放弃权力的原因:维护革命成果,防止权力集中出现专制。原因:①随着袁世凯的倒行逆施,称帝活动猖獗,孙中山为了维护共和政体,依然复出投身革命。②由于邦联政府的松散,年轻的美国面临着严重的危机,各阶层人民需要强有力的政府来保障其利益,华盛顿的复出就是为了制定一部共和国宪法,保障资本主义政治和经济的健康发展。

(2)结果:①孙中山领导的“二次革命”失败,没有真正使中国实现民主共和。其原因是国民党力量涣散以及帝国主义和封建势力相勾结,反动势力强大。②华盛顿领导制定了1787年宪法,美国逐步走上民主、富强的建设之路。其原因是美国通过独立战争,摆脱了英国的殖民统治,取得了完全的独立。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that overconsumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.
The total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005. It now makes up a third of a typical household’s waste in the UK. In many supermarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard.
Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment. The UK, for example, is running out of it for carrying this unnecessary waste. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example.
But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate packaging with quality. We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. This is especially true of food. But it is also applied to a wide range of consumer products, which often have far more packaging than necessary.
There are signs of hope. As more Of us recycle, we are beginning to realize just how much unnecessary materials are collecting. We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture, but we have a mountain to climb.

What can we learn from the last paragraph

A. Fighting wastefulness is difficult.
B. Needless material is mostly recycled.
C. People like collecting recyclable waste.
D. The author is proud of their consumer culture.