问题 问答题

如图所示,带正电小球质量m=1×10-2kg,带电量q=1×10-6C,置于光滑绝缘水平面上的A点.空间有斜向上的匀强电场,将小球由静止释放,小球沿水平面做匀加速直线运动,且小球对地面的压力恰好为零,小球到达B点时的速度vB=1.5m/s,A点与B点的距离为s=0.15m.求:

(1)小球所受合力的大小;

(2)小球所受电场力的大小;

(3)电场场强的大小.

答案

(1)由题,小球沿水平面做匀加速直线运动,从A到B过程,加速度为 a=

V2t
-
V20
2S
=
1.52-0
2×0.15
m/s2=7.5m/s2

根据牛顿第二定律得:合力的大小为  F=ma=1×10-2×7.5N=7.5×10-2N

(2)小球对地面的压力恰好为零,则地面对小球的支持力也为零,则小球电场力和重力两个力,作出两个力的合力,如图,则得电场力的大小为  F=

F2合
+(mg)2
=
0.0752+0.12
N=0.125N

(3)电场强度大小为 E=

F
q
=
0.125
10-6
N/C=1.25×105N/C

答:

(1)小球所受合力的大小是7.5×10-2N/C;

(2)小球所受电场力的大小是0.125N;

(3)电场场强的大小是1.25×105N/C.

阅读理解

Feel tired lately? Has a doctor said he can’t find anything wrong with you? Perhaps he has sent you to a hospital, but all the advanced equipment there shows that there is nothing wrong with you.

Then, consider this: you might be in a state of sub-health(亚健康). Sub-health, also called the third state or gray state, is explained as a borderline(界限)state between health and disease.

According to the survey by the National Health Organization, over 45 percent of sub-healthy people are middle-aged or elderly. The percentage is even higher among people who work in management positions as well as students around exam-week.

Symptoms include a lack of energy, depression, slow reactions, insomnia, anger, and poor memory. Other symptoms include shortness of breath, sweating and aching in the waist and legs.

The key to preventing and recovering from sub-health, according to some medical experts, is to form good living habits, alternate work and rest, exercise regularly, and take part in open air activities.

As for meals, people are advised to eat less salt and sugar. They should also eat more fresh vegetables, fruits, fish because they are rich in nutritional elements -- vitamins and other elements that are important to the body.

Nutrition experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause unhealthy changes in the digestive tract(消化道). They also say that a balanced diet is very helpful in avoiding sub-health.

小题1:.

According to this passage, which of the following is true?

A.When you are in a state of sub-health, you should stay at home and keep silent.

B.When you are in a state of sub-health, you should go to see a doctor and buy some medicine.

C.When you are in a state of sub-health, you should have yourself examined in foreign countries.

D.When you are in a state of sub-health, you should find out the reasons and relax yourself.小题2:.

. It may be easy for middle-aged people to get sub-healthy because _________.

A.they have used up their energy

B.they have lost their living hopes

C.they have more pressure in life and work

D.they begin to get older小题3:.

. The key to preventing you from falling into a state of sub-health is that you should ________.

A.work hard

B.sleep more

C.form good living habits

D.take more medicine小题4:.

. The underlined word “alternate” in this passage is closest in meaning to _________.

A.arrange by turns

B.cause to take place

C.keep oneself busy with

D.get tired of

填空题