问题 问答题

水中毒对机体的影响和防治。     

答案

参考答案:

细胞外液因水过多而被稀释,故血钠浓度降低,渗透压下降。加之肾脏不能将过多的水分及时排出,水分乃向渗透压相对高的细胞内转移而引起细胞水肿,结果是细胞内、外液容量均增多而渗透压都降低。由于细胞内液的容量大于细胞外液的容量,所以潴留的水分大部分积聚在细胞内,因此在轻度水中毒患者,组织间隙中水潴留的程度尚不足以引起明显的凹隐性水肿。急性水中毒时,由于脑神经细胞水肿和颅内压增高,故脑症状出现最早而且突出,可发生各种神经精神症状,如凝视、失语、精神错乱、定向失常、嗜睡、烦躁等并可有视神经 * * 水肿,严重者可因发生脑疝而致呼吸心跳骤停,轻度或慢性水中毒患者,发病缓慢,症状常不明显,多被原发病的症状、体征所掩盖,可有嗜睡、头痛、恶心、呕吐、软弱无力及肌肉挛痛等症状。

阅读理解

The history of the Games Olympia

Olympia, the site of the ancient Olympic Games, is in the western part of the Peloponnese which, according to Greek mythology, is the island of "Pelops", the founder of the Olympic Games. Imposing temples, votive buildings, elaborate shrines and ancient sporting facilities(设备) were combined in a site of unique natural and mystical beauty.

Olympia functioned as a meeting place for worship and other religious and political practices as early as the 10th century B.C. The central part of Olympia was dominated by the majestic temple of Zeus, with the temple of Hera parallel to it. The ancient stadium in Olympia could hold more than 40,000 audience, while in the surrounding area there were auxiliary(辅助的) buildings which developed gradually up until the 4th century B.C. and were used as training sites for the athletes or to house the judges of the Games.

The Games and religion

The Olympic Games were closely linked to the religious festivals of the cult of Zeus, but were not a total part of a rite. Indeed, they had a secular character and aimed to show the physical qualities and development of the performances accomplished by young people, as well as encouraging good relations between the cities of Greece. According to specialists, the Olympic Games owed their purity and importance to religion.

Victory ceremonies

The Olympic victor received his first awards immediately after the competition. Following the announcement of the winner's name by the herald, a Hellanodikis (Greek judge) would place a palm branch in his hands, while the audience cheered and threw flowers to him. Red ribbons were tied on his head and hands as a mark of victory.

The official award ceremony would take place on the last day of the Games, at the elevated vestibule of the temple of Zeus. In a loud voice, the herald would announce the name of the Olympic winner, his father's name, and his homeland. Then, the Hellanodikis placed the sacred olive tree wreath(花环), or kotinos, on the winner's head.

小题1:When did Olympia become the site of the Olympic Games?

A. In the 10th century B.C.

B. Before the 4th century B.C.

C. After the 4th century B.C.

D. It was not mentioned here.

小题2:Which one is TRUE according to the passage?

A.Zeus is the founder of the Olympic Games.

B.The ancient stadium in Olympic were used as training sites for the athletes in the 10th century.

C.The Olympic Games have much to do with the religion.

D.The Olympic victor would receive a golden medal.小题3:Can you guess the meaning of this word “herald” in the passage?

A.the author

B.the headmaster

C.the announcer

D.the manager小题4:When the athletes won the game, ______.

A.They were awarded immediately after the competition.

B.They were awarded twice. The first, immediately after the competition; the second, on the last day of the game.

C.They were awarded on the last day of the game.

D.They were awarded on the last day of the game or immediately after the competition.

填空题