问题 问答题

试述革兰氏阴性细菌感染休克病人发生DIC的机制。

答案

参考答案:

1、内毒素损伤内皮细胞,使其下面带负电荷的基底膜胶原暴露,激活凝血因子Ⅻ,启动内源性凝血系统。2、组织损伤,暴露TF或者表达TF,启动外源性凝血系统。3、内皮细胞受损后,暴露胶原,血小板膜糖蛋白与胶原结合,使血小板产生黏附作用,同时胶原可激活粘附的血小板。4、内毒素封闭促使DIC发生。5、休克引起肝功能障碍,促进DIC发生。6、休克时微循环障碍,促进DIC发生。7、休克时机体代谢性酸中毒,损伤血管内皮细胞,促使DIC发生

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     I live in a very over populated beach area in the Los Angeles, and I love the beautiful sights. But because

of many people, lots of things are easy to be out of order, and sometimes it's also easy to become angry.

Today was a day I wish I did not get out of bed. I mean that if I did not have to wake up and deal with all

the things that I have to deal with every day, it would have been wonderful.

     I had a cup of coffee this morning and that was my meal for breakfast, not healthy I know. Anyway,

my stomach was sounding like a truck. So, I jumped in my car and decided to buy some food.

     I was in line at Taco Bell and the line was like a long snake! Finally I got to place my order, but a young

girl in nice clothes pulled in (汽车停靠) and was stuck (被困住) in such a way that unless I moved for her,

she wouldn't be able to get out. So I backed up (倒车) and waved her into my place in the front of the line.

     I was surprised that this young girl did not say thanks. I was a little unhappy about it because I thought

that I had done something nice for a change. After the girl received her food and drove away, I pulled into

the ordering spot, not mad but hungry, and the employee said, "Hi, that girl just paid for your food."

     That food was the most satisfying nourishment (营养品) my body had ever taken! If just by chance you

are that person who bought my food, I should say "Thank you!"

1. The underlined part "very over populated" probably means "____".

A. 环境嘈杂的

B. 人口密集的

C. 交通拥挤的

D. 水源污染的

2. From the first paragraph, we can infer (推断) that the story happened in _____.

A. England

B. Canada

C. Australia

D. America

3. What happened to the author according to the passage?

A. He remained lying in bed all the morning.

B. He didn't feel well after drinking a cup of coffee.

C. He made room for a girl who jumped the queue.

D. He had a quarrel with a girl who didn't stand in line.

4. How did the young girl show her thanks to the author?

A. She got out of her car and said thanks.

B. She drove away with her own food.

C. She received her food and waved goodbye.

D. She paid for the author's food without his knowing.

5. The best title for the passage might be _____.

A. Kindness is spreading (传播)

B. Patience is necessary

C. Being calm is important in accidents

D. Being cool can change the world

填空题