阅读下文，完成小题。（17分）

正·大·中·和

——浅议中国传统住宅之中堂文化

①中堂，唐宋时期的官称，相当于宰相或明清时期内阁大学士，大约取其于议事堂居中 * * 政务的缘故，名之中堂。由官称转而指称民居宅院厅堂或堂屋正中高挂的字画，似乎也因其厅堂居中之意。

②厅堂或堂屋的经营布置，体现中国人的精神境界和生活艺术。无论北京的四合院，还是上海的石库门，厅堂或堂屋都有挂字画、摆古玩的传统；于是，高挂厅堂正中的中堂就不能不格外地讲究。

③中堂字画讲究寓意吉祥，图的是喜庆。所以，中堂的内容多为表现荣华富贵的牡丹荷花、盼望年年有余的鳜鱼锦鲤、祈求健康长寿的松鹤延年等吉祥题材；当然，也有青绿山水、梅兰竹菊；最不宜的是描写惊涛骇浪、秋风萧瑟、夕阳残照的作品。中堂也可以是书法，书写的内容不外乎《朱子治家格言》《颜氏家训》《波罗密心经》等；总之，均与治家理财、保佑平安息息相关。宅院的厅堂是家庭或家族活动的中心场所，具待客、雅聚、议事、祭祀等多种功能，故即使新派人物宅院的中堂，也多是传统题材。

④中堂两侧必不可少一副对联，对联内容因人而异，但当符合家庭主人的信仰、理念、身份、地位。素有“徽州民居第一村”之称的西递村有座建于1691年的履福堂，其中堂两侧高悬一幅“诗书经世文章，孝心传家根本”的对联，鲜明地表达了书香门第家族对儒家思想的信仰。中国社会历来推崇名人字画，中堂字画不仅内容适宜，质量上乘，通常还要延请名人书写作画。

⑤中堂是厅堂的中心，中堂的悬挂还讲究与厅堂的整体布置浑然一体，虚实相生，刚柔相济，高低相间，疏密相宜，使生活艺术化，艺术理想化。中堂的下方是修长的条案，摆放五供和祖宗牌位，靠着条案的是八仙桌和太师椅或官帽椅、圈椅，大宅院正厅两边还有东西侧厅，东厅挂四条屏，西厅挂八条幅，内容不拘，相宜唯上，也取其四平八稳的寓意。中国人吃苦耐劳，不善张扬，但却经历太多的苦痛和磨难，不求大富大贵，唯愿平平安安。厅堂的格局和布置无言地传达着主人的精神气质和理想追求。

⑥中堂存在的基础是农耕经济社会的四合院和宗法制家庭，随着工业化的发展，城市化进程的提速，轰鸣的机器，喧嚣的城市打破农耕经济的田园牧歌，最先进的中国人最先离开祖辈生活的四合院，漂泊于非故乡的人流中。斗转星移，数十年过去，他们分享工业化、现代化文明成果的同时，也默默地承受社会高速进步所付出的代价。城市大了，家庭小了；楼层高了，房间少了。这时候，人们开始怀念不经意间在我们身边悄然消逝或已经远去的四合院和四合院里的中堂。

⑦人们怀念中堂所在的四合院人与自然和谐相处的环境，怀念中堂以及厅堂儒雅书香的温馨。中堂字画伴随我们的生活，陶冶心灵，提高审美，是“流水无声日夜磨”的潜移默化。侧厅多宝格陈设的文玩，是今人与古人沟通的桥梁，对话的媒介。现代居室狭窄的空间和最大限度利用的墙壁，不仅没有了中堂的天地，书架、多宝格也在无数地产开发商的样板间中消逝。失去了精神倘佯的最后空间，现代居室纯乎是吃饭、睡觉的“蜗居”。

⑧人们保护中堂以及厅堂、四合院所代表的传统文明，是小康社会唤醒我们的文化自觉和社会共识。此前北京宋庄国画院，高举传统艺术的大旗，振臂一呼，应者云集，团结了一批以振兴传统、传承文明为己任的艺术家，举办了题为“正大中和”的中堂展。由于时代变迁，当代艺术家对传统的理解、对中堂的认识，也发生很大变化，中堂的创作理念和笔墨技法不尽相同，有些差异甚大，这是很正常的现象。只要不背离中国画水墨线条的内核，当属传统艺术的创新尝试。    不以水墨线条绘画的中堂，    应允许存在；    其高下、得失、成败，可留给历史检验，留给后人评说，留给市场选择。在尊重差异，包容多样的理念下，充分尊重艺术家的创造性劳动和自由选择，由此方契合中堂“正大中和”的深刻寓意。

小题1:第⑤段“四平八稳”语意双关，“平”字既指           又指           。（2分）

小题2:找出并修改第④段中对联的不妥之处。（2分）

小题3:联系上下文，分析第②段“中堂”前为什么要加修饰语“高挂厅堂正中的”？（4分）

小题4:对文意理解不恰当的一项是（     ）（3分）

A．中堂书写内容均与治家理财、保佑平安息息相关。

B．工业化、城市化和现代化是中堂远去的主要根源。

C．现代居室有中堂书架等，就可能有精神徜徉的空间。

D．“正大中和”中堂展创作理念和笔墨技法非常传统。小题5:联系上下文，填入第⑧段空格处最恰当的一项是(      )（3分）

A．如果……那么……关于

B．即使……也……至于

C．虽然……但是……对于

D．只有……才……但是小题6:根据本文内容，谈谈你对“正大中和”四个字的理解。（3分）

It may look like just another playgroup，but a unique educational center in Manhattan is really giving babies something to talk about. "It’s a school to teach languages to babies and young children with games, songs—some of the classes also have arts and crafts," said Francois Thibaut, the founder of the Langrage Workshop for Children, a place where babies become bilingual.

Children as young as few months are exposed to French and Spanish before many of them can even speak English. Educators use special songs and visual (视觉) aids to ensure that when a child is ready to talk, the languages will not be so foreign. "Children have a unique capacity to learn many languages at the same time," said Thibaut. "Already at nine months, a child can tell the differences between the sounds he or she has heard since birth and the sounds he or she has never heard yet." Thibaut says the best time to expose children to language is from birth to 3 years old. For the last 30 years, the school has been using what it calls the Thibarut Technique, a system that combines language lessons with child’s play.

"I always wanted to learn Spanish, but by the time I got to high school it was too late to pick it up and speak fluently," said Marc Lazare, who enrolled his son at the school. "I figured at this age, two, it’s a perfect time for him to learn."

Aside from learning a language, the kids also gain a tremendous sense of confidence. One young student boasted that aside from French, she can speak five languages (though that included "monkey" and "lion"). The school gives children the tools to communicate, and sometimes that gives them an advantage over their parents. "I think they sometimes speak French when they think I won’t understand them," said parent Foster Gibbons.Depending on the age group, classes run from 45 minutes up to 2 hours. Even when students are not in class, the program is designed to make sure the learning continues at home. Tapes and books are included, so kids can practice on their own.

According to Thibaut, it is possible ().

A. for children to rake advantage of their parents by using a foreign language

B. to expose children to a foreign language after they can speak English

C. to combine language lessons with sports games

D. for children to learn several languages at the same time