问题 单项选择题 A1/A2型题

小剂量就有抗焦虑作用的药物是()

A.苯巴比妥

B.地西泮

C.吗啡

D.苯妥英钠

E.氯丙嗪

答案

参考答案:B

解析:地西泮(安定)在不引起镇静的小剂量即可产生抗焦虑作用,能显著改善焦虑患者的紧张、忧虑、恐惧及失眠症状,而巴比妥类及抗精神病药则需大剂量才有抗焦虑作用。氯丙嗪治疗急、慢性精神分裂症均有效,但无根治作用,必须长期服药以维持药效,减少复发。氯丙嗪对伴有偏执观念、狂想、焦虑和激动的思维障碍具有显著的疗效。吗啡有强大的选择性镇痛作用,对各种疼痛都有效,镇痛的同时,意识和感觉不受影响,还有明显的镇静作用,能消除由疼痛引起的焦虑、紧张、恐惧等情绪反应,产生欣快而入睡。但吗啡易使患者成瘾,本品只限于外伤性疼痛、各种内脏绞痛(与阿托品同用)及晚期癌症疼痛。苯巴比妥能选择性抑制大脑皮层运动区,提高惊厥阈,既能直接抑制病灶放电又能限制病灶放电向四周扩散,能使大发作的患一者脑电恢复正常。因其起效快、疗效好、毒性低,可作为控制发作症状的首选药。苯妥英钠能降低浦肯野纤维自律性,缩短ADP及ERP,而ERP/ADP比值增大,有利于消除折返;可改善房室传导,特别是能改善强心苷中毒引起的传导阻滞。苯妥英钠主要用于强心苷中毒引起的室性或室上性心律失常。

填空题

How did the Olympic Games start In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had p ________ (1). Originally the Festival was held in honour of .Zeus, the supreme god in Greek Mythology. Eventually the Olympian athletic festival had lost its ________ (2) and became an international event. No one knows exactly ________ (3) the Olympic Games go, but some scholars recorded date from 776 B.C.According to some scholars, at first the only Olympic event was ________ (4), called a stadium and that was the only event until 724 B.C. After that, other ________ (5) were added and sixteen years later in ________ (6) the pentathlon was added and wrestling became part of the games. This pentathlon was a five-event match which ________ (7) running, wrestling, leaping, throwing the discus, and hurling the javelin.The games were held ________ (8) and after an uninterrupted history of 1170 years, the games ________ (9) in A.D. 394, the Christian era, because of their pagan origin.It was over ________ (10) before there was another such international athletics gathering. In 1896, the first of the modern ________ (11) opened in Athens, Greece.Nowadays, the Games are held in different countries ________ (12). The host country provides vast facilities such as stadiums and ________ (13).Many more sports are represented, including the very celebrated event: ________ (14).The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, ________ (15) on Mount Olympus by the sun’s rays. The torch is carried by ________ (16) to the stadium. The Olympic flame symbolizes the ________ (17) of the ancient Greek athletic ideals, and it burns throughout the Games until ________ (18). The well-known Olympic flag, however, is ________ (19): the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents ________ (20).

单项选择题