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如何正确评价齐梁文学。

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参考答案:

齐梁文学总结了自魏晋以来将近四百年文学艺术发展中的新成果和新经验,重视文学的“缘情”本质,讲究艺术形式的华丽,注意运用多样化的表现方法,初步形成了近体诗的格式和雏形。这些毫无疑问对文学发展起了积极促进作用。可以说没有齐梁文学的发展,也就不会有唐诗的繁荣。齐梁文学的不良倾向主要有两个方面:一是相当一部分作家中有片面追求形式美而不注意内容充实的缺点,有些作品内容贫乏,情调低下。二是艺术上偏重辞藻、典故、声律等具体技巧,而对审美意象的整体塑造方面较为忽视。

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(46)The climatic phenomenon that is being blamed for floods, hurricanes and early snowstorms also deserves credit for encouraging plant growth and helping to control the pollutant linked to global warming, a new study shows.
E1 Nino—the periodic warming of eastern Pacific Ocean waters—causes a burst of plant growth throughout the world, and this removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, researchers have found.
(47)The new study shows that natural weather events,such as the brief warming caused by E1 Nino, have a much more dramatic effect than previously believed on how much carbon dioxide is absorbed by plants and how much of the gas is expelled by the soil.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide, or CO2, has been increasing steadily for decades. This is thought to be caused by an expanded use of fossil fuels and by toppling of tropical forests. Scientists have linked the CO2 rise to global warming, a phenomenon known as the greenhouse effect. (48)Alarmed, nations of the world now are drawing up new conservation policies to reduce fossil fuel burning, in hopes of reducing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
But David Schimel of the National Center for Atmospheric Research,a co-author of the new study, says that before determining how much to reduce fossil fuel burning we should consider the effects of natural climate variations on the ability of plants to absorb CO2.
Schimel said satellite measurements of CO2, plant growth and temperature show that natural warming events such as E1 Nino at first cause more CO2 to be released into the atmosphere, probably as the result of accelerated decay of dead plant matter in the soil. But later, within two years, there is an explosion of growth in forests and grasslands, which means plants suck more carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere.
" We think that there is a delayed response in vegetation and soil to the warming effects of such phenomena as E1 Nino, and this leads to increased plant growth, " said Schimel.
(49)However, he said, it is not clear whether the warming by E1 Nino causes a net decrease in the buildup of CO2 over the long haul. " We don’t really know that yet, " said Schimel. What the study does show, however, is that the rise and fall of CO2 in the atmosphere is ply influenced by natural changes in global temperature, said B. H. Braswell of the University of New Hampshire, another co-author of the study.
Braswell said that in years when the global weather is cooler than normal, there is a decrease in both the decay of dead plants and in new plant growth. This causes an effect that is the opposite of E1 Nino warming: CO2 atmosphere levels first decline and later increase.
(50) " I think we have demonstrated that the ecosystem has a lot more to do with climate change than was previously believed," said Braswell, " Focusing on the role of human activity in climate change is important, but manmade factors are not the only factors. \