“五常”被儒家认为是个体修养、改良社会的重要因素，而庄子则说这些道德条目是为大盗服务的。你听：“妄意室中之藏，圣也；入先，勇也；出后，义也；知可否，智也；分均，仁也。五者不备而能成大盗者，天下未之有也。”联系我们学过的内容，请对这两种观点进行评论，并就“五常”在现代社会中有无作用进行分析。
参考答案：
1、儒家的无常是仁义礼智信，它既具有暂时性，也具有永恒性。在不同时代有不同含义所起的作用也不相同。但不容否认，她也有着超越时空的普世性。
2、庄子所揭示的是一种道德的暂时性现象。也就是说道德条目在不同的情境下含义与作用是不同的。而且
庄子做举的例子从方向上就是不符合道德的，在此前提之下，一些道德条目所起的作用也是消极的。
3、五常在等级社会下起到维护等级制的作用，是平等的敌人。但是在民主平等的社会条件下，也能够起到维护社会秩序的作用，有着不容抹杀的当代意义。
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| I was sure that I was to be killed. I became terribly nervous. I fumbled (searched) in my pockets to see if there were any cigarettes, which 1 their search. I found 2 and because of my shaking hands, I could 3 get it to my lips. But I had no matches, they had taken those. I looked 4 the bars at my jailer (看守监狱的 人). He did not make eye contact with me. I 5 to him "Have you got a light?" He looked at me, shrugged and came over to light my cigarette. 6 he came close and lit the match, his eyes inadvertently (无意中) locked with mine. At that moment, I 7 . I don't know why I did that. Perhaps it was 8 , perhaps it was because, when you get very close, one to another, it is very 9 not to smile. In any case, I smiled. In that instant, it was 10 a spark jumped across the gap between our two hearts, our two human souls. I know he didn't want to, but my smile leaped through the bars and generated smile on his lips, too. He lit my cigarette but 11 , looking at me directly in the eyes and continuing to smile. I 12 smiling at him, now aware of him as a(n) 13 and not just a jailer. And his looking at me seemed to have a new 14 too. "Do you have kids?" he asked. "Yes, here, here." I took out my wallet and nervously fumbled for the 15 of my family. He, too, took out the pictures of his family and began to talk about his plans and hopes for them. My eyes filled with tears. I said that I feared that I'd never see my family again, never have the chance to see them grow up. Tears came to his eyes, too. 16 without another word, he 17 my cell (牢房) and silently led me out. Out of the jail,quietly and by back routes,out of the town. There, at the edge of town, he released me. And without another word, he turned back toward the town. "My life was 18 by a smile." Yes, the smile-the unaffected, unplanned, 19 connection between people. I really believe that if that part of you and that part of me could 20 each other, we wouldn't be enemies. We couldn't have hate or envy or fear. | ||||
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