问题 问答题 简答题

非淀粉多糖的抗营养作用及机理?如何消除?

答案

参考答案:

①增加食糜黏性

机理:可溶性非淀粉多糖具有高度黏性,显著增加食糜在肠道停留的时间,降低单位时间内养分的同化作用,从而降低畜禽的生产性能;阻碍被消化的养分接近小肠黏膜表面,因而阻碍养分的吸收;小肠内容物黏度的增加,会降低消化酶及其底物的扩散速率,同时阻止它们在黏膜表面上有效的相互作用。

②引起消化道形态和生理不良变化

机理:可溶性非淀粉多糖使消化器官增大,蛋白质、脂类、电解质内源性分泌增加,从而减低它们在体内的存留。肠内高黏度环境会降低肠内PH,而低PH则会刺激胰脏分泌。

③影响生理活性物质作用

机理:可溶性非淀粉多糖和一些消化菌结合,降低其活性;同时和胆汁盐、脂类、胆固醇结合,影响小肠脂类代谢。

④扰乱后肠道微生物区系

机理:饲粮中非淀粉多糖在上部肠道不被消化,进入下部肠道成为厌氧微生物发酵、增殖的碳源,故在后肠道产生大量生孢梭菌等厌氧微生物。其中,某些生孢梭菌产生毒素,从而抑制畜禽生长。此外,肠内细菌数量增多会刺激肠道,增厚肠道粘膜层,损害微绒毛,从而减少养分的吸收。

消除方法:酶处理(非淀粉多糖降解酶)、水处理、饲粮中添加抗生素(调节动物肠道内的微生物区系)。

完形填空
完形填空。
     Pulling heavy suitcases all day in the summer is hard work, _1_when you're a thin 14-year-old. That
was   2   in 1940-the youngest and smallest baggage boy at New York City's Pennsylvania Railway
Station.
     After just a few days on the job, I began  3   that the other fellows were overcharging passengers. I'd
like to  4   them, thinking, "Everyone else is doing it."
    When I got home that night, I told my dad  5  I wanted to do. "You give an   6  day's work," he said,
looking at me  7  in the eye. "They're    8    you. If they want to do that, you let them do that."
     I   9   my dad's advice for the rest of that summer and have lived by his words  10 .
     Of all the jobs I've had, it was my   11  at Pennsylvania. Railway Service that has   12   me. Now I
teach my   13   to have respect for other people and their   14 . Being a member of a team is a totally
  15  experience. If one person steals, it destroys  16   and hurts everyone. I can   17 many things, but
not with people who steal. If one of my players were caught stealing, he'd be   18 .
     Whether you're  19  a sports team, in an office   20  a member of a family, if you can't trust one
another, there's going to be trouble.
( )1. A. specially
( )2. A. I      
( )3. A. noticing
( )4. A. teach  
( )5. A. what    
( )6. A. wrong  
( )7. A. kind    
( )8. A. charging
( )9. A. followed
( )10. A. later on
( )11. A. thought
( )12. A. stuck with
( )13. A. students
( )14 A. rights  
( )15 A. shared  
( )16. A. friendship
( )17. A. be used to
( )18. A. gone    
( )19. A. in     
( )20. A. and    
B. especially
B. he          
B. watching    
B. participate
B. why         
B. honest      
B. straight    
B. joking      
B. rejected    
B. from then on
B. success    
B. held on     
B. players    
B. behaviors  
B. excited    
B. relation    
B. subscribe to
B. lost        
B. of          
B. but        
C. surely   
C. me        
C. finding  
C. accuse    
C. how       
C. right    
C. angrily  
C. paying    
C. received  
C. for a while
C. experience
C. broken down
C. children  
C. actions  
C. separated
C. trust    
C. deal with
C. fined    
C. on        
C. as        
D. actually  
D. him        
D. realizing  
D. join      
D. when      
D. true      
D. curiously  
D. helping    
D. gave      
D. ever since
D. lesson    
D. appealed to
D. members    
D. possessions
D. affected  
D.   respect    
D. put up with
D. left      
D. with      
D. or        
多项选择题