问题 问答题 论述题

瘤胃微生物对饲料中的蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂类的降解特性是什么?

答案

参考答案:

碳水化合物的降解可分为两个阶段:首先是复杂的结构性碳水化合物被微生物降解成简单的糖类(葡萄糖、果糖、木糖等),然后这些简单的糖类又被微生物迅速利用转化成丙酮酸,丙酮酸再经过各种发酵和代谢分解生成挥发性脂肪酸(乙酸、丙酸、丁酸)、甲烷等。

瘤胃微生物分解蛋白质的过程:蛋白质→肽→氨基酸

脱氨→C骨架+NH3→VFA+CO2+NH3

瘤胃中只有少量VFA来源于氨基酸的降解,大部分来自碳水化合物的降解。饲料中能被细菌发酵而分解的蛋白质叫瘤胃降解蛋白;不能被细菌分解,只有到瘤胃以后(真胃、小肠)才能分解的蛋白质叫非降解蛋白或过瘤胃蛋白。脂类进入瘤胃后被微生物产生的脂肪酶水解成游离脂肪酸。其中,不饱和脂肪酸进一步被微生物氢化成硬脂酸。有些不饱和脂肪酸(如亚油酸、麻油酸)在生物氢化过程中产生共轭亚油酸等中间产物。

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D

Have you ever known a married couple that just didn’t seem as though they should fit together—yet they are both happy in the marriage, and you can’t figure out why?

I know of one couple: the husband is a burly(魁梧的)ex-athlete who, in addition to being a successful salesman, coaches Little League, is active in his Rotary Club and plays golf every Saturday with friends. Meanwhile, his wife is petite, quiet and a complete homebody. She doesn’t even like to go out to dinner.

What mysterious force drives us into the arms of one person, while pushing us away from another who might appear equally desirable to any unbiased(没有偏见的) observer?

Of the many factors influencing our idea of the perfect mate, one of the most telling, according to John Money, professor emeritus(荣誉退休的) of medical psychology and pediatrics(儿科学) at Johns Hopkins University, is what he calls our “love map”—a group of messages encoded in our brains that describes our likes and dislikes. It shows our preferences in hair and eye color, in voice, smell, body build. It also records the kind of personality that appeals to us, whether it’s the warm and friendly type or the strong, silent type.

In short, we fall for and pursue those people who most clearly fit our love map. And this love map is largely determined in childhood. By age eight, the pattern for our ideal mate has already begun to float around in our brains.

When I lecture, I often ask couples in the audience what drew them to their dates or mates. Answers range from “She’s strong and independent” and “I go for redheads” to “I love his sense of humor” and “That crooked smile, that’s what did it.”

I believe what they say. But I also know that if I were to ask those same men and women to describe their mothers, there would be many similarities between their ideal mates and their moms. Yes, our mothers—the first real love of our lives—write a significant portion of our love map.

51. What does the underlined word “petite” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A. Clever.              B. Little.               C. Energetic.         D. Lovely.

52. What is “love map” according to John Money?

A. One of the many factors influencing our idea of the perfect mate.

B. Our preferences in hair and eye color, in voice, smell, body build.

C. A group of messages encodes in our brains that describes our likes and dislikes.

D. Something that appeals to us, whether it’s the warm and friendly type.

53. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. By age eight, the pattern for our ideal mate has already begun to float around in our brains.

B. We fall for and pursue those people who most clearly fit our love map.

C. Love map is largely determined in childhood.

D. “She’d strong and independent” is the most important reason that drew the couple together.

54. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?

A. The author believes what the questioned couple said.

B. Our mothers play a very important role in the forming of our “love map”.

C. Our mothers are the first real love in our lives.

D. There would be many similarities between ideal mates and moms.

55. What would be the best title of this passage?

A. The “love map” in our mind.

B. What mysterious force drives us into the arms of one person?

C. The real reason why we choose that special someone.

D. Our mothers write a significant portion of our love map.