问题 单项选择题 案例分析题

一般资料:求助者,女性,39岁,已婚,本科文化程度,某银行职员。案例介绍:求助者有一子,15岁,某重点中学学生,中考前期因遭遇车祸做过手术,术后恢复良好,但耽误了中考,只能休学一年再考。求助者担心孩子的身体,更担心休学对孩子造成不利的影响,为此很紧张。经常说:"孩子要是因休学影响了学习可怎么办啊?"晚上难以入睡,经常做很着急的梦,半年多来时常没有胃口,吃什么都不香。曾到医院检查,没有发现明显器质性疾病。近来总是忧心忡忡的,担心儿子的学业,担心自己的工作,为房价上涨发愁,一天到晚提心吊胆的,害怕再发生什么可怕的事。受这种情绪困扰,感觉注意力不集中、记忆力下降,时常心慌、气短、出汗,身心疲惫。求助者近来经常请病假,把能推掉的应酬都推掉了。有时也明明知道没有什么可担心害怕的,可就是控制不住自己的情绪。求助者为此内心十分痛苦,主动前来寻求帮助。心理咨询师观察、了解到的情况:求助者性格外向,工作勤奋努力,人际关系良好,对自己要求很严格,自尊心较强。

本案例中系统脱敏能否成功,关键之一是每级刺激引起的焦虑()。

A.大到拮抗紧张

B.小到不能被觉察到

C.大到最大程度

D.小到能被放松代替

答案

参考答案:D

单项选择题
单项选择题

The Southdale shopping centre in Minnesota has an atrium, a food court, fountains and acres of parking. Its shops include a Dairy Queen, a Victoria’s Secret and a purveyor of comic T-shirts. It may not seem like a landmark, as important to architectural history as the Louvre or New York’s Woolworth Building. But it is. "oh, my god!" chimes a group of teenage girls, on learning that they are standing in the world’s first true shopping mall. "That is the coolest thing anybody has said to us all day. "

In the past half century Southdale and its many imitators have transformed shopping habits, urban economies and teenage speech. America now has some 1,100 enclosed shopping malls, according to the International Council of Shopping Centres. Clones have appeared from Chennai to Martinique. Yet the mall’s story is far from triumphal. Invented by a European socialist who hated cars and came to deride his own creation, it has a murky future. While malls continue to multiply outside America, they are gradually dying in the country that pioneered them.

Southdale’s creator arrived in America as a refugee from Nazi-occupied Vienna. Victor Gruen was a Jewish bohemian who began to design shops for fellow immigrants in New York after failing in cabaret theatre. His work was admired partly for its uncluttered, modernist look, which seemed revolutionary in 1930s America. But Gruen’s secret was the way he used arcades and eye-level display cases to lure customers into stores almost against their will. As a critic complained, his shops were like mousetraps. A few years later the same would be said of his shopping malls.

By the 1940s department stores were already moving to the suburbs. Some had begun to build adjacent strips of shops, which they filled with boutiques in an attempt to re-create urban shopping districts. In 1947 a shopping centre opened in Los Angeles featuring two department stores, a cluster of small shops and a large car park. It was, in effect, an outdoor shopping mall. Fine for balmy southern California, perhaps, but not for Minnesota’s harsh climate. Commissioned to build a shopping centre at Southdale in 1956, Gruen threw a roof over the structure and installed an air-conditioning system to keep the temperature at 75°F (24℃)—which a contemporary press release called "Eternal Spring". The mall was born.

Gruen got an extraordinary number of things right first time. He built a sloping road around the perimeter of the mall, so that half of the shoppers entered on the ground floor and half on the first floor-something that became a standard feature of malls. Southdale’s balconies were low, so that shoppers could see the shops on the floor above or below them. The car park had animal signs to help shoppers remember the way back to their vehicles. It was as though Orville and Wilbur Wright had not just discovered powered flight but had built a plane with tray tables and a duty-free service.

What does the author mean by mentioning Wright brothers in the end()

A. Shopping malls came into existence earlier than planes did

B. Owing to Gruen’s various novelties shopping malls got rapid development

C. Gruen has absorbed some inspirations from Wright brothers

D. Wright brothers like shopping malls very much