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《红与黑》的主人公于连是王政复辟时期小资产阶级个人奋斗者的典型。他的性格交织着反抗性和妥协性的矛盾冲突。小说通过于连生活的三个阶段刻画了他的性格发展变化。

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于连出生于一个锯木厂主的平民家庭,聪颖好学,才情横溢。由于受启蒙学派著作的影响和对拿破仑的热烈崇拜,他这个政治上无权、社会地位卑下的平民子弟,对压制他的上层统治者抱着极大的仇恨,强烈要求打破现状,谋求出路。他原想以拿破仑为榜样,凭借自己的才能走上成功之路。可是,拿破仑垮台了,波旁王朝复辟。那种穿上“红”军装,建立功勋于战场的时代一去不复返了,教会的“黑”长袍转而成为人们所追求的目标。于是,于连不信天主教却走上当神父的道路;仇恨贵族却混迹于上层社会。由此导致了他性格上种种矛盾冲突,直至其生命的最后。经西朗神父介绍,于连先是到维立叶尔城德瑞那市长家做家庭教师。这时的于连高傲自尊,反抗等级观念。德瑞那市长的等级观念是很顽固的,他认为凡是在他家拿工钱的都是奴仆。他粗暴、傲慢的态度经常刺伤于连的自尊心,激起了他的反抗和报复心理。于连对德瑞那夫人的感情,最初就是占有欲、征服欲的表现,是由他对贵族阶级进行报复和反抗的心理导致的。但是,后来于连对她的感情由假到真,由浅入深。最后,于连身陷囹圄时才悟到:德瑞那夫人是他一生中最敬慕的一个女人,因为她曾经“象慈母般地对待过他”。由于和德瑞那夫人的私情败露,于连不得不离开维立叶尔城,来到贝尚松省神学院。于连在这里没有了起初的公开反抗和高傲,而代之以伪饰。神学院里阴森恐怖,如同人间地狱。于连厌恶这个环境,但为了在这个环境里求得发展,他就处处小心谨慎,伪装虔诚苦行。正当于连伪装虔诚、孜孜以求的表现,博得了彼拉院长的好感,被提拔为神学院的辅导讲师时,神学院内教派斗争复杂,彼拉院长被迫辞职,于连遂也离开了神学院,来到巴黎木尔侯爵府。木尔侯爵府的生活是于连人生的最后一个重要阶段。起初于连保持人格尊严,后来渐趋冷酷狡猾,最后走向妥协。在这里,于连和玛特尔小姐的关系,充分反映了他性格的变化。开始时,他认为玛特尔美丽狂傲,所以用不予理睬的傲慢态度来对抗贵族的歧视,保持着自己的平民意识。当玛特尔小姐爱慕他的才华和仪表,并主动写情书约他午夜幽会时,他仍然疑心重重,担心是圈套,仅仅为了显示自己不是懦夫,才冒险赴约。后来为了降服玛特尔,他采用了“迂回战术”——表面上取悦花菲格元帅夫人,以此刺激玛特尔。当于连终于征服了这位头脑发热的贵族小姐,迫使木尔侯爵不得不接受这个既成事实时,他的思想实际上已经背离了平民阶层。同时,由于自己的才干和努力,于连受到了木尔侯爵的赏识和重用。侯爵给了他十字勋章,这使他感恩戴德,决定“要按照给我勋章的政府的意志而行动。”后来,木尔侯爵让他参加秘密会议。他想到自己被拉进了一个阴谋,但“即使有危险,为了侯爵我也应该。”这样,于连不知不觉地充当了复辟活动的工具。这在于连短暂而悲剧性的一生中是最不光彩的事。这些思想和行为都表现了于连作为平民阶层的反抗性逐渐削弱了,不自觉地走向妥协。正当于连踌躇满志、扶摇直上之际,德·瑞那夫人的“揭发信”断送了他美妙的前程。他在狂怒之下开枪打伤了德·瑞那夫人,因此被捕入狱。于连的晚节是可贵的。在他入狱之后,他终于认识到:他自己所犯下的罪行并不在于开枪,而在于要突破等级制度。贵族阶级最终不能容忍他超越等级制度的藩篱、跻身于上流社会的行列。他在法庭上的一段慷慨陈词就是一个平民青年对黑暗社会的强烈控诉。于连最后拒绝上诉,拒绝忏悔,以示最后的反抗。于连的悲剧概括了王政复辟时期一代青年的苦闷与追求,反抗与妥协,探索与失败,具有极大的典型意义。

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Have you ever wondered whether writing and maintaining your business blog is a waste of time If you have, it probably is. Business blogs are valuable for some companies, but for many blogging takes up time and resources better spent elsewhere. If any of the following statements apply to you, stop posting to your blog (or re-purpose what you would have posted) and start doing something more productive:

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You dread writing another post.

Either way, whatever you publish will not represent your business well, so why do it Any time you feel you can’t put your best foot forward, don’t take the step.

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Your page views are stagnant.

Unless of course you can accurately identify tangible benefits from that readership.

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You can’t quantify your return.

Blogging is like any other investment in time and resources: If you don’t see a return, don’t do it.

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Your goal is to provide valuable resources to customers.

Potential customers who gladly read resource pages often run screaming from the same information when it appears on a blog.

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Your readers are not your customers.

Building an audience is useful only if the audience contains current and potential customers. Know who is reading your biog. If you can’t be bothered to find out, that’s yet another indication it’s time to stop.

[A] Many business owners say, "I don’t have any numbers to back it up, but I know my blog is paying off." Really How If your blog isn’t sending significant traffic to your website via search engines, isn’t directly generating sales, doesn’t create a community, or creates a community that doesn’t actually

benefit your business, your blog isn’t paying off.

[B] If you aren’t excited by the thought of sitting down to write your next post, you have nothing to say and will once again borrow ideas from another blog, or already realize blogging is a waste of time but won’t admit it.

[C] Great goal. By all means do it. But don’t put how-to information, or useful tips, or non-news information on your blog. Many people are blog-averse because most blogs are terrible, so your blog may automatically get painted with the same brush. If your material is relatively evergreen, create resource pages on your website instead.

[D] When new posts average the same number of page views, and on a monthly basis so does your entire blog, you’ve stalled. Maybe loyal readers keep returning, or maybe you gain some and lose some, but either way not much is happening. A blog with a small stagnant readership is a blog that is a waste of time, at least for business purposes.

[E] Never blog because you think it helps; you have to know. Knowing takes effort. If you’re not willing to put the time you need into tracking and analyzing data, you’re either lazy or afraid to find out you’re wasting your time on your blog. Sometimes quitting is more admirable than staying the course.

[F] This happens more often than you think. For example, a friend is an incredibly successful financial planner. He writes a blog that gets thousands of unique visitors a month. But he writes about topics of interest only to other financial planners. That would be fine if his blog generated media opportunities, or supported a book he plans to write, or helps him network and bring in more business—but it doesn’t.

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