问题 单项选择题 B1型题

布散于皮肤、肌肉和孔窍的主要是()

A.精

B.气

C.血

D.津

E.液

答案

参考答案:D

单项选择题

俗话说:“民以食为天。”近年来,我们的食品安全环境日趋严峻,随着毒奶粉、染色馒头等事件的不断出现,人们不禁要问,食品添加剂安全吗?

食品添加剂是指经国家批准,因防腐保鲜、提高加工工艺等需要而加入食品中的化学合成物或天然物质。我国《食品添加剂使用卫生标准》将其分为防腐剂、凝固剂、品质改良剂、增味剂、营养强化剂等22类1500多种。当人类的食品进入工业化生产之后,除了极少数的天然野生食品外,几乎么有什么是不含添加成分的。目前,近97%的食品中使用了各类添加剂。

食品添加剂对食品的防腐保鲜效果十分明显。根据食品安全要求,每克食品的细菌总数不能超过8万个。假如不用防腐剂,即使在0-4℃的低温环境中,肉制品保存到第五天,细菌总数也将超过每克10 万个。而防腐剂能遏制肉制品中的肉毒梭状芽孢杆菌的大量繁殖,有效延长肉制品的保质期。现在人们所吃的食品的酸、甜、鲜通常不是食品天然拥有的味道,往往是由添加剂“调”出来的。食品的有人口感,如面条有弹性,点心酥脆,大多数也是添加剂的功劳。

腐乳红曲是由大米发酵而来的,能够降低血脂,它既是色素有事功能性添加剂:从甘草里面提取的甜味剂,能改善肝功能;从玉米芯里面提取的木糖醇具有护肝、防龋齿的作用。在面粉里面添加钙粉、维生素等,能使面粉的营养更加全面。

现代食品工业发展离不开视频添加剂,视频添加剂的使用也直接影响食品安全。例如,摄入过多的膨松剂或防腐剂,轻则会引起流口水、腹泻、心跳加速扥症状,重则会对胃、肝、肾造成严重危害。为规范食品添加剂的使用,各国都制定了严格的法律法规。如我国的食品卫生标准就明确规定,山梨酸钾可以作为食品防腐剂,但必须严格控制添加比例,它的许可添加量在0.5%以内。在美国,苯甲酸钠只允许在化妆品中使用,并且浓度必须在0.1%-0.2%范围内。世界卫生组织也规定了一个“ADI”值,即依照人体体重,一种无健康危害的食品添加剂的每日允许摄入量的估计值。例如:糖精钠的ADI值为5毫克/公斤,即糖精钠每日允许摄入量为每公斤体重5毫克。

必须指出的是,一直受到人们谴责的苏丹红、三聚氰胺等都不是食品添加剂,而是非法添加物,这样的非法添加物常见的还有块黄、硼酸、硫氰酸钠、蛋白精、酸性橙等。一般来说,不违规、不超量、不超范围地使用食品添加剂的食品是安全的。

下列哪项最适合做本文的标题:

A.食品添加剂的用途 

B.食品添加剂安全吗 

C.食品添加剂的前世今生 

D.食品添加剂与食品工业的关系

完形填空
完形填空。
     We must face the fact that there are many aspects of the information age. All information makes us
anxious. Over some of these, we have little or no control. On the other hand, there are steps we can take
to eliminate much of   1  . We might say, then, that survival in the information age is a challenging yet    2 
task.
     To some extent, we are all receivers and givers of information. Our brain, however, receives and
processes information in different ways. One way involves the amazing capacity of the brain to process
information subconsciously.
     Another way involves   3    processing of information such as during conversation. We have a great
deal of control over this type of information processing -both as givers and receivers. If we indulge (任凭)
ourselves talking about tiny things or even harmful information, valuable time and   4  can be wasted.
Meanwhile this can make us and others anxious. You may lose opportunities to absorb and distribute
information that is truly useful for   5  in this troubled world.
     Information gathered by reading is processed consciously and   6  takes longest. The written word is
still the most powerful way of   7  imagination and conveying information, ideas, and concept.
     How can we    8    so much information from various sources, such as reading material, TV program,
computer games, and other    9     activities? The answer is screening. Screening, sorting out or prioritizing
what we need to hear, see, say or read may   10   much information anxiety.
     To cut through confusing information,   11   this basic rule: Keep it simple! The secret to processing
information is narrowing your   12   of information. Simplicity is    13  in many Asian cultures and is even
recognized in Western cultures as a superior way of living. Writer Duane Elgin   14  , "To live more simply
is to live more purposefully and with a   15   of needless distraction."  
( )1. A. anxiety  
( )2. A. donating  
( )3. A. sensitive
( )4. A. health    
( )5. A. expanding
( )6. A. hence    
( )7. A. cooperating
( )8. A. think of  
( )9. A. considerate
( )10. A. get rid of
( )11. A. catch    
( )12. A. rank    
( )13. A. received
( )14. A. opposed  
( )15. A. minimum  
B. trouble    
B. accomplishing
B. conscious  
B. wealth      
B. surviving  
B. however    
B. finding    
B. deal with  
B. professional
B. bring about
B. apply      
B. limit      
B. supplied    
B. stated      
B. maximum    
C. interest    
C. rewarding  
C. unconscious
C. power      
C. stretching  
C. still      
C. stimulating
C. do with    
C. humorous    
C. break into  
C. abandon    
C. field      
C. labeled    
C. declined    
C. quantity    
D. curiosity      
D. searching      
D. reasonable      
D. energy          
D. bearing        
D. yet            
D. removing        
D. rule over      
D. recreational    
D. come to        
D. offer          
D. lane            
D. recommended    
D. offered        
D. presence