问题 问答题 案例分析题

背景资料:

某商业建筑工程,地上6层,砂石地基,砖混结构,建筑面积2400m2,外窗采用铝合金窗,内外采用金属门。

在施工过程中发生了如下事件:

事件一:砂石地基施工中,施工单位采用细砂(掺人30%的碎石)进行铺填。监理工程师检查发现其分层铺设厚度和分段施工的上下层搭接长度不符合规范要求,令其整改。

事件二:二层的现浇混凝土楼板出现收缩裂缝,经项目经理部分析认为原因有:混凝土原材料质量不合格(骨料含泥量大)、水泥和掺合料用量超出规范规定。同时提出了相应的防治措施:选用合格的原材料,合格控制水泥和掺合料用量。监理工程师认为项目经理部的分析不全面,要求进一步完善原因分析和防治方法。

事件三:监理工程师对门窗工程检查时发现:外窗未进行三性检查,内门采用“先立后砌”安装方式,外窗采用射钉固定安装方式。监理工程师对存在的问题提出整改要求。

事件四:建设单位在审查施工单位提交的工程竣工资料时,发现工程资料有涂改,违规使用复印件等情况,要求施工单位进行整改。

事件二中,出现裂缝原因还可能有哪些?并补充完善其他常见的防治方法。

答案

参考答案:

(1)出现裂缝的原因还可能有:

1)水灰比过大,

2)坍落度偏大,

3)和易性差,

4)浇筑振捣差,

5)养护不及时,

6)养护差。

(2)防治方法:

1)调整合适的配合比,

2)确保搅拌质量,

3)浇筑振捣密实,

4)初凝前进行二次抹压,

5)及时养护,

6)保证养护质量。

解析:

仔细审题,地上二层的混凝土楼板出现裂缝,明显是混凝土收缩裂缝。根据经验,这种裂缝多出现在新浇筑并暴露于空气中的结构构件表面,有塑态收缩、沉陷收缩、干燥收缩、碳化收缩、凝结收缩等收缩裂缝。

(1)可能的原因:

混凝土原材料质量不合格,如骨料含泥量大等。

水泥或掺合料用量超出规范规定。

混凝土水灰比、坍落度偏大,和易性差。

混凝土浇筑振捣差,养护不及时或养护差。

(2)防治措施:

选用合格的原材料。

根据现场情况、图纸设计和规范要求,由有资质的试验室配制合适的混凝土配合比,并确保搅拌质量。

确保混凝土浇筑振捣密实,并在初凝前进行二次抹压。

确保混凝土及时养护,并保证养护质量满足要求。

完形填空
On a sunny spring morning, a seven-year-old girl was sharpening(削) a beautiful pencil. , the wind was so strong as to blow open the door. The girl stood up to    it, but then fell on the floor. The sharpened pencil pierced (刺入) directly into the girl’s chest into her heart, and only a small part of the pencil could be seen.
The girl’s mother was so    that she dialed the emergency number and put the girl flat on her back. The girl    and asked her mother to pull the pencil out of her heart    it was particularly painful. The mother hesitated for a while but    her daughter. She told her daughter not to pull out the pencil without her permission.
In the end, the girl was    successfully! She had a very serious    but she didn’t lose too much blood. If the pencil were pulled out, the blood would have poured out from the wound, and doctors couldn’t have saved her!  , the measures taken by her    were totally correct.
The mother’s comments afterwards were quite   : “I really didn’t know what to do. My daughter was especially obedient (听话的) and she    my decision not to pull out the pencil. I knew she was in great pain, and her obedience was what I   . I thought if I had pulled out the pencil, she would have believed she was    and might fall asleep and lose consciousness (意识). In the emergency vehicle, I simply kept asking her if it was  . She nodded her head, which gave me great    because she was conscious and still felt pain. She was struggling for______.
In the world, there are so many people sruggling with different___ When you are trapped in wild mountains, when you come across setbacks and hardships, and when you have no other way but to experience the pain by yourself, ____ask yourself.”Am I in pain?“ When  we feel the pain, we’ll have the courage to try our best to___and never give up.
小题1:
A.NaturallyB.FinallyC.SuddenlyD.Personally
小题2:
A.lookB.pushC.repairD.close
小题3:
A.AnnoyedB.anxiousC.puzzledD.disappointed
小题4:
A.struggledB.complainedC.jumpedD.escaped
小题5:
A.ifB.becauseC.onceD.unless
小题6:
A.looked onB.discussed withC.smiled atD.disagreed with
小题7:
A.savedB.controlledC.inspiredD.accepted
小题8:
A.injuryB.mistakeC.discussionD.destination
小题9:
A.OtherwiseB.InsteadC.ThoughD.Thus
小题10:
A.friendB.teacherC.doctorD.mother
小题11:
A.challengingB.surprisingC.excitingD.worrying
小题12:
A.madeB.changedC.followedD.recognized
小题13:
A.realizedB.promisedC.respectedD.needed
小题14:
A.safeB.tiredC.braveD.lucky
小题15:
A.thankfulB.painfulC.powerfulD.careful
小题16:
A.courage B.comfortC.freedomD.hope
小题17:
A.lifeB.gloryC.peaceD.power
小题18:
A.techniquesB.qualitiesC.difficultiesD.performances
小题19:
A.stillB.justC.againD.even
小题20:
A.laugh B.explainC.surviveD.relax
问答题 案例分析题