问题 问答题 案例分析题

某机电施工单位承接一项炼油厂的塔体群安装工程,工程内容包括:各类塔体就位、各类管道安装、自动控制和绝热工程等。绝热工程为多层结构绝热层,要求用一种绝热材料制品作为绝热层材料。其中最高塔体为42m;最重塔体102吨。合同工期为三个月,合同约定:如果合同工期违约每一天应罚10000元,如每提前一天奖励5000元。

该项目部对承建工程内容进行分析,认真编制了成本计划和施工中的成本控制措施。施工前认真对为各类塔体吊装就位制订了两套塔体吊装方案,A方案采用桅杆式起重机吊装,经测算施工时间需要50日,劳动力日平均30人,预算日平均工资50元,机械台班费需20万元,其他费用25000元,另外需要新购置钢丝绳和索具费用30000元;B方案采用两台100吨汽车式起重机抬吊,但需要市场租赁,其租赁费10000元/日·台,经测算现场共需15日,而人工费可降低70%,其他费用可降低60%。并对两种方案的安全风险进行了分析。该项目部注重项目成本各阶段的控制,重点突出、吊装方案选取得当,因此该工程项目提前8日完成全部施工任务。

施工项目成本计划内容一般由哪几方面组成?施工中成本如何控制?

答案

参考答案:

施工项目成本计划一般包括降低成本技术组织措施计划表和降低成本计划表。

施工中的成本控制是:

(1)施工准备阶段应从优化施工方案;编制成本计划并进行分解;做出施工队伍、施工机械、临时设施建设等其他间接费用的支出预算,进行项目成本的控制。

(2)施工阶段应对分解的计划成本进行落实;记录、整理、核算实际发生的费用,计算实际成本;进行成本差异分析,采取有效的纠偏措施,充分注意不利差异产生的原因,以防对后续作业成本产生不利影响或因质量低劣而造成返工现象;注意工程变更,关注不可预计的外部条件对成本控制的影响,控制项目成本。

单项选择题
完形填空

Recently I was invited to a friend’s house for supper—and had a meal I have never had before.

All the friends invited were a little surprised. It’s not that Ben is unsociable, or a bad cook, but it’s just that he never 21more than he has to. So how come he was inviting us round for a meal? Had he bought something 22for his friends? He greeted us at the door and showed us into his dining room where a 23_ -table was waiting for us.“Nothing but the best for my friends!”said Ben. We all sat down and looked 24 at each other—what was he up to?

Ben returned with four bowls of hot soup.“It’s a mixture of carrots, potatoes and tomatoes,”said Ben. The next 25was also a little strange in that we didn’t quite know what it was again. It’s just another mixture of vegetable.

As we ate we chatted and finally the 26 turned back to what we were eating.“Was there a recipe(食谱) for this,”asked Marina,“or did you 27 it up?”Ben put his fork down.“What I cooked depended on what I could find.”Marina was surprised.“But you can find anything in supermarkets these days.”“But there’s 28 choice in what you can find outside supermarkets,”he replied.

Seeing that we had all finished the food, Ben decided to tell the truth. He had read recently that supermarkets usually throw away 5 percent of their food every day. So Ben decided to look inside his local supermarket bins. There he found food that was slightly out of __29, boxes of throw-away vegetables and fruit.

So Ben had successfully provided a decent(体面的) meal for his friends, and made us aware of the fact that there are many poor people who need the food, but the amount of food thrown away is enough to 30 millions of people.

21.A.takes  B. spends   C. uses D. does

22.A.cheap  B. special  C. practical    D. usual

23.A.new    B. separate C. booked   D. laid

24.A.nervously  B. carefully    C. sadly    D. happily

25.A.course B. food C. soup D. salad

26.A.dinner B. idea C. food D. subject

27.A.pick   B. look C. make D. take

28.A.less   B. more C. some D. any

29.A.order  B. place    C. season   D. date

30.A.enrich B. please   C. affect   D. feed